(重要)nvm(node.js version management) 与 node版本/ 使用nvm安装多版本nodejs/配置环境变量

node下载：

下载地址 ： https://nodejs.org/zh-cn/download/

如果有nvm先卸载nvm再安装node

参考：

菜鸟教程 ： 使用 nvm 管理不同版本的 node 与 npm

Node版本的升级和降级

nvm安装与使用

一、nvm是什么

nvm全名node.js version management，顾名思义是一个nodejs的版本管理工具。

通过它可以安装和切换不同版本的nodejs。下面列出下载、安装及使用方法。

二、windows下载/安装

可在点此在github上下载最新版本,本次下载安装的是windows版本。打开网址我们可以看到有两个版本：

• nvm-noinstall.zip：绿色免安装版，但使用时需进行配置。
• nvm-setup.zip：安装版，推荐使用

安装完验证：

ablexq:~ tmk$ nvm

Node Version Manager (v0.37.0)

Note: <version> refers to any version-like string nvm understands. This includes:
  - full or partial version numbers, starting with an optional "v" (0.10, v0.1.2, v1)
  - default (built-in) aliases: node, stable, unstable, iojs, system
  - custom aliases you define with `nvm alias foo`

 Any options that produce colorized output should respect the `--no-colors` option.

Usage:
  nvm --help                                  Show this message
  nvm --version                               Print out the installed version of nvm
  
  nvm install [<version>]                     下载并安装<version>. Uses .nvmrc if available and version is omitted.
   The following optional arguments, if provided, must appear directly after `nvm install`:
    -s                                        Skip binary download, install from source only.
    --reinstall-packages-from=<version>       When installing, reinstall packages installed in <node|iojs|node version number>
    --lts                                     When installing, only select from LTS (long-term support) versions
    --lts=<LTS name>                          When installing, only select from versions for a specific LTS line
    --skip-default-packages                   When installing, skip the default-packages file if it exists
    --latest-npm                              After installing, attempt to upgrade to the latest working npm on the given node version
    --no-progress                             Disable the progress bar on any downloads
    --alias=<name>                            After installing, set the alias specified to the version specified. (same as: nvm alias <name> <version>)
    --default                                 After installing, set default alias to the version specified. (same as: nvm alias default <version>)
  
  nvm uninstall <version>                     卸载版本
  nvm uninstall --lts                         Uninstall using automatic LTS (long-term support) alias `lts/*`, if available.
  nvm uninstall --lts=<LTS name>              Uninstall using automatic alias for provided LTS line, if available.
  
  nvm use [<version>]                         修改PATH以使用<version>. Uses .nvmrc if available and version is omitted.
   The following optional arguments, if provided, must appear directly after `nvm use`:
    --silent                                  Silences stdout/stderr output
    --lts                                     Uses automatic LTS (long-term support) alias `lts/*`, if available.
    --lts=<LTS name>                          Uses automatic alias for provided LTS line, if available.
  
  nvm exec [<version>] [<command>]            Run <command> on <version>. Uses .nvmrc if available and version is omitted.
   The following optional arguments, if provided, must appear directly after `nvm exec`:
    --silent                                  Silences stdout/stderr output
    --lts                                     Uses automatic LTS (long-term support) alias `lts/*`, if available.
    --lts=<LTS name>                          Uses automatic alias for provided LTS line, if available.
  
  nvm run [<version>] [<args>]                Run `node` on <version> with <args> as arguments. Uses .nvmrc if available and version is omitted.
   The following optional arguments, if provided, must appear directly after `nvm run`:
    --silent                                  Silences stdout/stderr output
    --lts                                     Uses automatic LTS (long-term support) alias `lts/*`, if available.
    --lts=<LTS name>                          Uses automatic alias for provided LTS line, if available.
  
  nvm current                                 显示节点的当前激活版本
  
  nvm ls [<version>]                          列出已安装的版本, matching a given <version> if provided
    --no-colors                               Suppress colored output
    --no-alias                                Suppress `nvm alias` output
  nvm ls-remote [<version>]                   列出可用于安装的远程版本, matching a given <version> if provided
    --lts                                     When listing, only show LTS (long-term support) versions
    --lts=<LTS name>                          When listing, only show versions for a specific LTS line
    --no-colors                               Suppress colored output
  
  nvm version <version>                       将给定的描述解析为单个本地版本
  nvm version-remote <version>                将给定的描述解析为单个远程版本
    --lts                                     When listing, only select from LTS (long-term support) versions
    --lts=<LTS name>                          When listing, only select from versions for a specific LTS line
  
  nvm deactivate                              Undo effects of `nvm` on current shell
    --silent                                  Silences stdout/stderr output
  nvm alias [<pattern>]                       Show all aliases beginning with <pattern>
    --no-colors                               Suppress colored output
  nvm alias <name> <version>                  Set an alias named <name> pointing to <version>
  nvm unalias <name>                          Deletes the alias named <name>
  nvm install-latest-npm                      Attempt to upgrade to the latest working `npm` on the current node version
  nvm reinstall-packages <version>            Reinstall global `npm` packages contained in <version> to current version
  nvm unload                                  Unload `nvm` from shell
  nvm which [current | <version>]             显示已安装节点版本的路径. Uses .nvmrc if available and version is omitted.
    --silent                                  Silences stdout/stderr output when a version is omitted
  nvm cache dir                               显示nvm缓存目录的路径
  nvm cache clear                             nvm的空缓存目录

Example:
  nvm install 8.0.0                     Install a specific version number
  nvm use 8.0                           Use the latest available 8.0.x release
  nvm run 6.10.3 app.js                 Run app.js using node 6.10.3
  nvm exec 4.8.3 node app.js            Run `node app.js` with the PATH pointing to node 4.8.3
  nvm alias default 8.1.0               Set default node version on a shell
  nvm alias default node                Always default to the latest available node version on a shell

  nvm install node                      Install the latest available version
  nvm use node                          Use the latest version
  nvm install --lts                     Install the latest LTS version
  nvm use --lts                         Use the latest LTS version

Note:
  to remove, delete, or uninstall nvm - just remove the `$NVM_DIR` folder (usually `~/.nvm`)
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三、安装/管理nodejs

1、查看本地安装的所有版本；有可选参数available，显示所有可下载的版本。

nvm list [available]

# 

nvm ls
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2、安装，命令中的版本号可自定义，具体参考命令1查询出来的列表

nvm install 11.13.0
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3、使用特定版本

nvm use 11.13.0
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4、卸载

nvm uninstall 11.13.0
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四、mac安装配置：

# 卸载
ablexq:~ tmk$ brew uninstall nvm
Uninstalling /usr/local/Cellar/nvm/0.35.0... (7 files, 146.4KB)


# 安装
ablexq:~ tmk$ brew install nvm
==> Downloading https://github.com/creationix/nvm/archive/v0.37.0.tar.gz
Already downloaded: /Users/tmk/Library/Caches/Homebrew/downloads/6751302114cd390789c662ca013466778ef0ee197b7c98be9411ea4f28562b06--nvm-0.37.0.tar.gz
==> Caveats
Please note that upstream has asked us to make explicit managing
nvm via Homebrew is unsupported by them and you should check any
problems against the standard nvm install method prior to reporting.

You should create NVM's working directory if it doesn't exist:

  mkdir ~/.nvm

Add the following to /Users/tmk/.bash_profile or your desired shell
configuration file:

  export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
  [ -s "/usr/local/opt/nvm/nvm.sh" ] && . "/usr/local/opt/nvm/nvm.sh"  # This loads nvm
  [ -s "/usr/local/opt/nvm/etc/bash_completion.d/nvm" ] && . "/usr/local/opt/nvm/etc/bash_completion.d/nvm"  # This loads nvm bash_completion

You can set $NVM_DIR to any location, but leaving it unchanged from
/usr/local/opt/nvm will destroy any nvm-installed Node installations
upon upgrade/reinstall.

Type `nvm help` for further information.

Bash completion has been installed to:
  /usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d
==> Summary
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