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构建读写分离的数据库集群--------数据库中间件_部署读写分离中间件
作者：笔触狂放9 | 2024-08-16 19:19:33
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部署读写分离中间件
1. 基础环境配置
（1）修改主机名
Mycat节点修改主机名命令：
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname mycat
[root@localhost ~]# bash
[root@mycat ~]#
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db1节点修改主机名命令：
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname db1
[root@localhost ~]# bash
[root@db1 ~]#
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db2节点修改主机名命令：
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname db2
[root@localhost ~]# bash
[root@db2 ~]#
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（2）编辑hosts文件
[root@mycat ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
10.30.59.189 mycat
10.30.59.218 db1
10.30.59.254 db2
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（3）所有节点关闭防火墙和iptables规则
[root@mycat ~]# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@mycat ~]# setenforce 0
[root@mycat ~]# iptables -F
[root@mycat ~]# iptables -X
[root@mycat ~]# iptables -Z
[root@mycat ~]# iptables-save
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.21 on Wed Jun 23 18:45:39 2021
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [38:3048]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [19:1924]
COMMIT
# Completed on Wed Jun 23 18:45:39 2021
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（4）配置yum源
用提供的gpmall-repo tar包上传至虚拟机的/opt目录下，设置本地Yum源
[root@mycat ~]# cd /opt
[root@mycat opt]# ll
total 311360
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 318829093 Jun 22 17:44 gpmall-repo.tar.gz
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用网络源下载unzip，然后再解压
[root@mycat opt]# yum install -y unzip
[root@mycat opt]# unzip gpmall-repo.tar.gz
[root@mycat opt]# ll
total 311360
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 53 Nov 21 2020 gpmall-repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 318829093 Jun 22 17:44 gpmall-repo.tar.gz
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把三个节点的/etc/yum.repo.d目录下的文件移动到/media下
[root@mycat ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/C* /media/
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3台虚拟机yum源配置部分(创建文件，并挂载）：
[root@mycat ~]# mkdir /opt/cdrom [root@mycat ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /opt/cdrom mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only [root@mycat ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root 36G 1.8G 34G 5% / devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 1.9G 9.0M 1.9G 1% /run tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 1014M 142M 873M 14% /boot tmpfs 380M 0 380M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/sr0 4.2G 4.2G 0 100% /opt/cdrom [root@mycat ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo [mariadb] name=mariadb baseurl=file:///opt/gpmall-repo gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 [cdrom] name=cdrom baseurl=file:///opt/cdrom gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 [root@mycat ~]# yum clean all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Cleaning repos: cdrom mariadb Cleaning up everything Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors [root@mycat ~]# yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors cdrom | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 mariadb | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/3): cdrom/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00:00 (2/3): mariadb/primary_db | 144 kB 00:00:00 (3/3): cdrom/primary_db | 3.1 MB 00:00:00 repo id repo name status cdrom cdrom 3,971 mariadb mariadb 165 repolist: 4,136
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（5）其他节点为了方便，可以使用ftp来使用mycat节点的yum源，所以mycat节点需要安装配置ftp服务,并且配置文件加入anon_root=/opt/
[root@mycat ~]# yum install vsftpd -y
[root@mycat ~]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
anon_root=/opt/
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然后开启ftp并设置开机自启
[root@mycat ~]# systemctl start vsftpd
[root@mycat ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.
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db1和db2节点配置yum源
编写yum源文件（db1和db2都执行）
[root@db1 ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
[cdrom]
name=cdrom
baseurl=ftp://10.30.59.189/cdrom
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[mariadb]
name=mariadb
baseurl=ftp://10.30.59.189/gpmall-repo
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
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重新加载一下：
[root@db1 ~]# yum clean all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Cleaning repos: cdrom mariadb Cleaning up everything Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors [root@db1 ~]# yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors cdrom | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 mariadb | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/3): cdrom/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00:00 (2/3): cdrom/primary_db | 3.1 MB 00:00:00 (3/3): mariadb/primary_db | 144 kB 00:00:00 repo id repo name status cdrom cdrom 3,971 mariadb mariadb 165 repolist: 4,136
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（6）安装JDK环境
部署Mycat中间件服务需要先部署JDK 1.7或以上版本的JDK软件环境，这里部署JDK 1.8版本。
Mycat节点安装Java环境：
[root@mycat ~]# yum install -y java-1.8.0-openjdk java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel
[root@mycat ~]# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_222"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_222-b10)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.222-b10, mixed mode)
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2.部署MariaDB主从数据库集群服务
（1）安装MariaDB服务（在db1和db2)，然后两节点在开启MariaDB服务，并设置开机自启
[root@db1 ~]# yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server
[root@db1 ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@db1 ~]# systemctl enable mariadb
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（2）初始化MariaDB数据库
[root@db1 ~]# mysql_secure_installation NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on... Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation. Set root password? [Y/n] y New password: Re-enter new password: Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success! By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y ... Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n ... skipping. By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y - Dropping test database... ... Success! - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success! Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y ... Success! Cleaning up... All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MariaDB!
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(3)配置数据库集群主节点
编辑主节点db1虚拟机的数据库配置文件my.cnf，在配置文件my.cnf中增添下面的内容：
[root@db1 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log_bin = mysql-bin #记录操作日志
binlog_ignore_db = mysql #不同步MySQL系统数据库
server_id = 218 #数据库集群中的每个节点id都要不同，一般使用IP地址的最后段的数字
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编辑完成配置文件my.cnf后，重启MariaDB服务
[root@db1 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
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(4)开放主节点的数据库权限
在主节点db1虚拟机上使用mysql命令登录MariaDB数据库，授权在任何客户端机器上可以以root用户登录到数据库，然后再创建一个user用户让从节点db2连接，并赋予从节点同步主节点数据库的权限。
在db1上执行
[root@db1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p000000
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 9
Server version: 10.3.18-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '000000';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'user'@'db2' identified by '000000';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
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（5）配置从节点db2同步主节点db1
在从节点db2虚拟机上使用mysql命令登录MariaDB数据库，配置从节点连接主节点的连接信息。master_host为主节点主机名db1，master_user为在步骤（4）中创建的用户user，命令如下：
[root@db2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p000000
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 9
Server version: 10.3.18-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='db1',master_user='user',master_password='000000';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.462 sec)
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在配置完主从数据库之间的连接信息之后，开启从节点服务，使用show slave status\G; 命令并查看从节点服务状态，如果Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running的状态都为YES，则从节点服务开启成功
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.004 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: db1 Master_User: user Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 701 Relay_Log_File: db2-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 1000 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: `Yes` Slave_SQL_Running: `Yes` Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 701 Relay_Log_Space: 1307 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 218 Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Using_Gtid: No Gtid_IO_Pos: Replicate_Do_Domain_Ids: Replicate_Ignore_Domain_Ids: Parallel_Mode: conservative SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Slave_DDL_Groups: 2 Slave_Non_Transactional_Groups: 0 Slave_Transactional_Groups: 0 1 row in set (0.001 sec)
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(6)验证主从数据库的同步功能
先在主节点db1的数据库中创建库test，并在库test中创建表company，插入表数据。创建完成后，查看表company数据，如下所示
db1执行
[root@db1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p000000 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 9 Server version: 10.3.18-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '000000'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'user'@'db2' identified by '000000'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> create database test; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.002 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> use test Database changed MariaDB [test]> create table company(id int not null primary key,name varchar(50),addr varchar(255)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.008 sec) MariaDB [test]> insert into company values(1,"facebook","usa"); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.002 sec) MariaDB [test]> select * from company; +----+----------+------+ | id | name | addr | +----+----------+------+ | 1 | facebook | usa | +----+----------+------+ 1 row in set (0.001 sec)
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db2验证一下
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.002 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> select * from test.company; +----+----------+------+ | id | name | addr | +----+----------+------+ | 1 | facebook | usa | +----+----------+------+ 1 row in set (0.001 sec)
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可以看到，在db1创建的在db2上会有。
3、部署Mycat读写分离中间件服务
（1）安装Mycat服务
将Mycat服务的二进制软件包Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz上传到Mycat虚拟机的/root目录下，并将软件包解压到/use/local目录中。赋予解压后的Mycat目录权限。
[root@mycat ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz
[root@mycat ~]# tar -zxvf Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz -C /usr/local
[root@mycat ~]# chown -R 777 /usr/local/mycat
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在/etc/profile系统变量文件中添加Mycat服务的系统变量，并生效变量
[root@mycat ~]# echo export MYCAT_HOME=/usr/local/mycat/>>/etc/profile
[root@mycat ~]# source /etc/profile
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（2）编辑Mycat的逻辑库配置文件
配置Mycat服务读写分离的schema.xml配置文件在/usr/local/mycat/conf/目录下，可以在文件中定义一个逻辑库，使用户可以通过Mycat服务管理该逻辑库对应的MariaDB数据库。在这里定义一个逻辑库schema，name为USERDB；该逻辑库USERDB对应数据库database为test（在部署主从数据库时已安装）；设置数据库写入节点为主节点db1；设置数据库读取节点为从节点db2。（可以直接删除原来schema.xml的内容，替换为如下。）
注意：IP需要修改成实际的Ip地址
[root@mycat ~]# vi /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="USERDB" checkSQLschema="true" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1"></schema>
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="test" />
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="3" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" writeType="0" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> <writeHost host="hostM1" url="10.30.59.218:3306" user="root" password="000000">
<readHost host="hostS1" url="10.30.59.254:3306" user="root" password="000000"/>
</writeHost></dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
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（3）修改配置文件权限
修改schema.xml的用户权限，命令如下：
[root@mycat ~]# chown root:root /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml
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（4）编辑mycat的访问用户
修改/usr/local/mycat/conf/目录下的server.xml文件，修改root用户的访问密码与数据库，密码设置为123456，访问Mycat的逻辑库为USERDB，命令如下：
在配置文件的最后部分修改一下
<user name="root">
<property name="password">123456</property>
<property name="schemas">USERDB</property>
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然后删除如下几行：
<user name="user">
<property name="password">user</property>
<property name="schemas">TESTDB</property>
<property name="readOnly">true</property>
</user>
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（5）启动Mycat服务
通过命令启动Mycat数据库中间件服务，启动后使用netstat -ntpl命令查看虚拟机端口开放情况，如果有开放8066和9066端口，则表示Mycat服务开启成功，端口查询。
[root@mycat ~]# /bin/bash /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat start Starting Mycat-server... [root@mycat ~]# netstat -ntpl //需下载一下 -bash: netstat: command not found [root@mycat ~]# yum install -y net-tools [root@mycat ~]# netstat -ntpl Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:32000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12808/java tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1078/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1325/master tcp6 0 0 :::1984 :::* LISTEN 12808/java tcp6 0 0 :::45280 :::* LISTEN 12808/java tcp6 0 0 :::`8066` :::* LISTEN 12808/java tcp6 0 0 :::41577 :::* LISTEN 12808/java tcp6 0 0 :::9066 :::* LISTEN 12808/java tcp6 0 0 :::21 :::* LISTEN 2578/vsftpd tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1078/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1325/master
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4、验证数据库集群服务读写分离功能
（1）用Mycat服务查询数据库信息
先在Mycat虚拟机上使用Yum安装mariadb-client服务
[root@mycat ~]# yum install -y MariaDB-client
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在Mycat虚拟机上使用mysql命令查看Mycat服务的逻辑库USERDB，因为Mycat的逻辑库USERDB对应数据库test（在部署主从数据库时已安装），所以可以查看库中已经创建的表company。
[root@mycat ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P8066 -uroot -p000000 ERROR 1045 (HY000): Access denied for user 'root', because password is error [root@mycat ~]# mysql ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2) [root@mycat ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P8066 -uroot -p123456 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710 MyCat Server (OpenCloundDB) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MySQL [(none)]> show databases; +----------+ | DATABASE | +----------+ | USERDB | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.004 sec) MySQL [(none)]> use USERDB Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed MySQL [USERDB]> show tables; +----------------+ | Tables_in_test | +----------------+ | company | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.002 sec) MySQL [USERDB]> select * from company; +----+----------+------+ | id | name | addr | +----+----------+------+ | 1 | facebook | usa | +----+----------+------+ 1 row in set (0.051 sec)
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（2）用Mycat服务添加表数据
在Mycat虚拟机上使用mysql命令对表company添加一条数据(2,“basketball”,“usa”)，添加完毕后查看表信息。
MySQL [USERDB]> insert into company values(2,"bastetball","usa");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.008 sec)
MySQL [USERDB]> select * from company;
+----+------------+------+
| id | name | addr |
+----+------------+------+
| 1 | facebook | usa |
| 2 | bastetball | usa |
+----+------------+------+
2 rows in set (0.003 sec)
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（3）验证Mycat服务对数据库读写操作分离
在Mycat虚拟机节点使用mysql命令，通过9066端口查询对数据库读写操作的分离信息。可以看到所有的写入操作WRITE_LOAD数都在db1主数据库节点上，所有的读取操作READ_LOAD数都在db2主数据库节点上。由此可见，数据库读写操作已经分离到db1和db2节点上了。
[root@mycat ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P9066 -uroot -p123456 -e 'show @@datasource;'
+----------+--------+-------+--------------+------+------+--------+------+------+---------+-----------+------------+
| DATANODE | NAME | TYPE | HOST | PORT | W/R | ACTIVE | IDLE | SIZE | EXECUTE | READ_LOAD | WRITE_LOAD |
+----------+--------+-------+--------------+------+------+--------+------+------+---------+-----------+------------+
| dn1 | hostM1 | mysql | 10.30.59.218 | 3306 | W | 0 | 10 | 1000 | 85 | 0 | 1 |
| dn1 | hostS1 | mysql | 10.30.59.254 | 3306 | R | 0 | 7 | 1000 | 84 | 4 | 0 |
+----------+--------+-------+--------------+------+------+--------+------+------+---------+-----------+------------+
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完成。
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