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【python】制作一个串口工具（上）！_python串口界面编程

作者：笔触狂放9 | 2024-06-28 01:39:45

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python串口界面编程

      串口叫做串行接口，也称串行通信接口，按电气标准及协议来分包括RS-232-C、RS-422、RS485、USB等。 RS-232-C、RS-422与RS-485标准只对接口的电气特性做出规定，不涉及接插件、电缆或协议。USB是近几年发展起来的新型接口标准，主要应用于高速数据传输领域。

      工作中，经常要用到串口来做数据的读写，今天我们来自己做一个串口工具，这一节，我们先把基础的框架先搭建好。

一.环境配置

1.这边我就直接使用的 Qt Designer 来设计串口界面的布局。

（1）先来制作我们串口的端口选择，以及波特率，串口的开关等：

这边用到了groupBox、label、comboBox、pushButton几个控件。

（2）接下来制作我们的串口高级设置部分：

（3）然后就是串口数据发送部分：

 这边做了两种，ASCII、HEX类型。

（4）包括数据发送、接收文本框：

 （6）工具栏制作：

包括了，文件、设置、帮助、退出四个功能。

（7）最终布局如下：

2.生成对应的 .py 文件

附源码：

  1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  2.  
  3. # Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'Serial_.ui'
  4. #
  5. # Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.7
  6. #
  7. # WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic5 is
  8. # run again.  Do not edit this file unless you know what you are doing.
  9.  
  10.  
  11. from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
  12.  
  13.  
  14. class Ui_MainWindow(object):
  15.     def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
  16.         MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
  17.         MainWindow.resize(914, 672)
  18.         self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
  19.         self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
  20.         self.groupBox = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(self.centralwidget)
  21.         self.groupBox.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 30, 321, 161))
  22.         self.groupBox.setObjectName("groupBox")
  23.         self.comboBox = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.groupBox)
  24.         self.comboBox.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(130, 30, 161, 22))
  25.         self.comboBox.setObjectName("comboBox")
  26.         self.comboBox.addItem("")
  27.         self.label_23 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.groupBox)
  28.         self.label_23.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 30, 91, 21))
  29.         self.label_23.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(85, 170, 255);")
  30.         self.label_23.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
  31.         self.label_23.setObjectName("label_23")
  32.         self.label_24 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.groupBox)
  33.         self.label_24.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 70, 91, 21))
  34.         self.label_24.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(85, 170, 255);")
  35.         self.label_24.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
  36.         self.label_24.setObjectName("label_24")
  37.         self.comboBox_3 = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.groupBox)
  38.         self.comboBox_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(130, 70, 161, 22))
  39.         self.comboBox_3.setObjectName("comboBox_3")
  40.         self.comboBox_3.addItem("")
  41.         self.comboBox_3.addItem("")
  42.         self.comboBox_3.addItem("")
  43.         self.comboBox_3.addItem("")
  44.         self.comboBox_3.addItem("")
  45.         self.pushButton_2 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.groupBox)
  46.         self.pushButton_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(90, 120, 121, 31))
  47.         self.pushButton_2.setObjectName("pushButton_2")
  48.         self.groupBox_2 = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(self.centralwidget)
  49.         self.groupBox_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 200, 321, 291))
  50.         self.groupBox_2.setObjectName("groupBox_2")
  51.         self.comboBox_4 = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.groupBox_2)
  52.         self.comboBox_4.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(230, 30, 69, 22))
  53.         self.comboBox_4.setObjectName("comboBox_4")
  54.         self.comboBox_4.addItem("")
  55.         self.comboBox_4.addItem("")
  56.         self.comboBox_4.addItem("")
  57.         self.comboBox_4.addItem("")
  58.         self.label_25 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.groupBox_2)
  59.         self.label_25.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 30, 91, 21))
  60.         self.label_25.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(85, 170, 255);")
  61.         self.label_25.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
  62.         self.label_25.setObjectName("label_25")
  63.         self.label_26 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.groupBox_2)
  64.         self.label_26.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 70, 91, 21))
  65.         self.label_26.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(85, 170, 255);")
  66.         self.label_26.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
  67.         self.label_26.setObjectName("label_26")
  68.         self.comboBox_5 = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.groupBox_2)
  69.         self.comboBox_5.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(230, 70, 69, 22))
  70.         self.comboBox_5.setObjectName("comboBox_5")
  71.         self.comboBox_5.addItem("")
  72.         self.comboBox_5.addItem("")
  73.         self.label_27 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.groupBox_2)
  74.         self.label_27.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 110, 91, 21))
  75.         self.label_27.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(85, 170, 255);")
  76.         self.label_27.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
  77.         self.label_27.setObjectName("label_27")
  78.         self.comboBox_6 = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.groupBox_2)
  79.         self.comboBox_6.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(230, 110, 69, 22))
  80.         self.comboBox_6.setObjectName("comboBox_6")
  81.         self.comboBox_6.addItem("")
  82.         self.comboBox_6.addItem("")
  83.         self.comboBox_6.addItem("")
  84.         self.comboBox_6.addItem("")
  85.         self.comboBox_6.addItem("")
  86.         self.label_28 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.groupBox_2)
  87.         self.label_28.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 150, 91, 21))
  88.         self.label_28.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(85, 170, 255);")
  89.         self.label_28.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
  90.         self.label_28.setObjectName("label_28")
  91.         self.comboBox_7 = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.groupBox_2)
  92.         self.comboBox_7.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(230, 150, 81, 22))
  93.         self.comboBox_7.setObjectName("comboBox_7")
  94.         self.comboBox_7.addItem("")
  95.         self.comboBox_7.addItem("")
  96.         self.comboBox_7.addItem("")
  97.         self.comboBox_7.addItem("")
  98.         self.label_29 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.groupBox_2)
  99.         self.label_29.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 190, 201, 21))
  100.         self.label_29.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(85, 170, 255);")
  101.         self.label_29.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
  102.         self.label_29.setObjectName("label_29")
  103.         self.comboBox_8 = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.groupBox_2)
  104.         self.comboBox_8.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(230, 190, 81, 22))
  105.         self.comboBox_8.setObjectName("comboBox_8")
  106.         self.comboBox_8.addItem("")
  107.         self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.groupBox_2)
  108.         self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(50, 230, 201, 31))
  109.         self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
  110.         self.label_30 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.groupBox_2)
  111.         self.label_30.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(270, 230, 31, 31))
  112.         self.label_30.setStyleSheet("border-image: url(:/BACK/107zi.jpg);")
  113.         self.label_30.setText("")
  114.         self.label_30.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
  115.         self.label_30.setObjectName("label_30")
  116.         self.textBrowser = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(self.centralwidget)
  117.         self.textBrowser.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(380, 30, 521, 341))
  118.         self.textBrowser.setObjectName("textBrowser")
  119.         self.groupBox_3 = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(self.centralwidget)
  120.         self.groupBox_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 500, 321, 91))
  121.         self.groupBox_3.setObjectName("groupBox_3")
  122.         self.radioButton = QtWidgets.QRadioButton(self.groupBox_3)
  123.         self.radioButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 20, 89, 16))
  124.         self.radioButton.setObjectName("radioButton")
  125.         self.radioButton_2 = QtWidgets.QRadioButton(self.groupBox_3)
  126.         self.radioButton_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(160, 20, 89, 16))
  127.         self.radioButton_2.setObjectName("radioButton_2")
  128.         self.pushButton_3 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.groupBox_3)
  129.         self.pushButton_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(30, 50, 75, 23))
  130.         self.pushButton_3.setObjectName("pushButton_3")
  131.         self.pushButton_4 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.groupBox_3)
  132.         self.pushButton_4.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(160, 50, 75, 23))
  133.         self.pushButton_4.setObjectName("pushButton_4")
  134.         self.lineEdit = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.centralwidget)
  135.         self.lineEdit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(380, 390, 521, 201))
  136.         self.lineEdit.setObjectName("lineEdit")
  137.         MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
  138.         self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
  139.         self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 914, 23))
  140.         self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
  141.         MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
  142.         self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
  143.         self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
  144.         MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)
  145.         self.toolBar = QtWidgets.QToolBar(MainWindow)
  146.         self.toolBar.setObjectName("toolBar")
  147.         MainWindow.addToolBar(QtCore.Qt.TopToolBarArea, self.toolBar)
  148.         self.action = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
  149.         icon = QtGui.QIcon()
  150.         icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap(":/BACK/Desktop/img/file.jpg"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
  151.         self.action.setIcon(icon)
  152.         self.action.setObjectName("action")
  153.         self.action_2 = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
  154.         icon1 = QtGui.QIcon()
  155.         icon1.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap(":/BACK/Desktop/img/set.jpg"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
  156.         self.action_2.setIcon(icon1)
  157.         self.action_2.setObjectName("action_2")
  158.         self.action_3 = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
  159.         icon2 = QtGui.QIcon()
  160.         icon2.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap(":/BACK/Desktop/img/help.jpg"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
  161.         self.action_3.setIcon(icon2)
  162.         self.action_3.setObjectName("action_3")
  163.         self.action_4 = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
  164.         icon3 = QtGui.QIcon()
  165.         icon3.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap(":/BACK/Desktop/img/quit(1).jpg"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
  166.         self.action_4.setIcon(icon3)
  167.         self.action_4.setObjectName("action_4")
  168.         self.toolBar.addAction(self.action)
  169.         self.toolBar.addAction(self.action_2)
  170.         self.toolBar.addAction(self.action_3)
  171.         self.toolBar.addAction(self.action_4)
  172.  
  173.         self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
  174.         QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)
  175.  
  176.     def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
  177.         _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
  178.         MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "串口工具v1.0"))
  179.         self.groupBox.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "Basic Serial settings"))
  180.         self.comboBox.setItemText(0, _translate("MainWindow", "Choose at session start"))
  181.         self.label_23.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Serial port："))
  182.         self.label_24.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Speed (bps)："))
  183.         self.comboBox_3.setItemText(0, _translate("MainWindow", "115200"))
  184.         self.comboBox_3.setItemText(1, _translate("MainWindow", "1200"))
  185.         self.comboBox_3.setItemText(2, _translate("MainWindow", "2400"))
  186.         self.comboBox_3.setItemText(3, _translate("MainWindow", "9600"))
  187.         self.comboBox_3.setItemText(4, _translate("MainWindow", "新建项目"))
  188.         self.pushButton_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Open Serial"))
  189.         self.groupBox_2.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "Advanced Serial settings"))
  190.         self.comboBox_4.setItemText(0, _translate("MainWindow", "8"))
  191.         self.comboBox_4.setItemText(1, _translate("MainWindow", "7"))
  192.         self.comboBox_4.setItemText(2, _translate("MainWindow", "6"))
  193.         self.comboBox_4.setItemText(3, _translate("MainWindow", "5"))
  194.         self.label_25.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Data bits："))
  195.         self.label_26.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Stop bits："))
  196.         self.comboBox_5.setItemText(0, _translate("MainWindow", "1"))
  197.         self.comboBox_5.setItemText(1, _translate("MainWindow", "2"))
  198.         self.label_27.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Parity："))
  199.         self.comboBox_6.setItemText(0, _translate("MainWindow", "None"))
  200.         self.comboBox_6.setItemText(1, _translate("MainWindow", "Odd"))
  201.         self.comboBox_6.setItemText(2, _translate("MainWindow", "Even"))
  202.         self.comboBox_6.setItemText(3, _translate("MainWindow", "Mark"))
  203.         self.comboBox_6.setItemText(4, _translate("MainWindow", "Space"))
  204.         self.label_28.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Flow control："))
  205.         self.comboBox_7.setItemText(0, _translate("MainWindow", "Xon/Xoff"))
  206.         self.comboBox_7.setItemText(1, _translate("MainWindow", "None"))
  207.         self.comboBox_7.setItemText(2, _translate("MainWindow", "Dsr/Dtr"))
  208.         self.comboBox_7.setItemText(3, _translate("MainWindow", "Rts/Cts"))
  209.         self.label_29.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "execute macro as session start："))
  210.         self.comboBox_8.setItemText(0, _translate("MainWindow", "None"))
  211.         self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Reset defaults"))
  212.         self.groupBox_3.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "Serial Send settings"))
  213.         self.radioButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "ASCII"))
  214.         self.radioButton_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "HEX"))
  215.         self.pushButton_3.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "清除发送"))
  216.         self.pushButton_4.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "发送数据"))
  217.         self.toolBar.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "toolBar"))
  218.         self.action.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "文件"))
  219.         self.action_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "设置"))
  220.         self.action_3.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "帮助"))
  221.         self.action_4.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "退出"))
  222. import TUTU_rc

3.主文件代码如下：

  1. import os
  2. import sys
  3. from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow
  4. import time
  5. from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
  6. import serial
  7. import serial.tools.list_ports as serials
  8. from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
  9. import Serial_
  10.  
  11.  
  12.  
  13.  
  14.  
  15.  
  16.  
  17. if __name__ == '__main__':
  18.  
  19.     app = QApplication(sys.argv)
  20.     MainWindow = QMainWindow()
  21.     ui = Serial_.Ui_MainWindow()
  22.     ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
  23.  
  24.     MainWindow.show()##显示
  25.  
  26.     sys.exit(app.exec_())##退出界面

二.总结

这一篇先说基础框架的制作，下一期来说说如何功能的实现。

下一篇：【python】制作一个串口工具（下）！_==PP的博客-CSDN博客

@Neng

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