MySQL Binlog 解析工具 Maxwell 详解_binlog解析工具

MySQL Binlog 解析工具 Maxwell 详解

官方文档 ：Reference - Maxwell's Daemon

maxwell 简介

Maxwell是一个能实时读取MySQL二进制日志binlog，并生成 JSON 格式的消息，作为生产者发送给 Kafka，Kinesis、RabbitMQ、Redis、Google Cloud Pub/Sub、文件或其它平台的应用程序。它的常见应用场景有ETL、维护缓存、收集表级别的dml指标、增量到搜索引擎、数据分区迁移、切库binlog回滚方案等。

Maxwell主要提供了下列功能：

• 支持 SELECT * FROM table 的方式进行全量数据初始化
• 支持在主库发生failover后，自动恢复binlog位置(GTID)
• 可以对数据进行分区，解决数据倾斜问题，发送到kafka的数据支持database、table、column等级别的数据分区
• 工作方式是伪装为Slave，接收binlog events，然后根据schemas信息拼装，可以接受ddl、xid、row等各种event

除了Maxwell外，目前常用的MySQL Binlog解析工具主要有阿里的canal、mysql_streamer，三个工具对比如下：

canal 由Java开发，分为服务端和客户端，拥有众多的衍生应用，性能稳定，功能强大；canal 需要自己编写客户端来消费canal解析到的数据。

maxwell相对于canal的优势是使用简单，它直接将数据变更输出为json字符串，不需要再编写客户端。

maxwell 的安装部署：Maxwell简介、部署、原理和使用介绍-CSDN博客

生产环境配置：

注意：后台运行参数 --daemon

## tl;dr config 生产环境配置为info级别
log_level=info
 
## mysql login info, mysql用户必须拥有读取binlog权限和新建库表的权限
#mysql过滤设置
filter= exclude: *.*, include: woc_school.*, exclude: *.*.create_time = *
# mysql login info
#host=127.0.0.1
#user=root
#password=root
#output_nulls=true#是否包含值为NULL的字段,默认true
 
##jdbc 配置[解决抽取binlog后时区相比北京时间少8个时区的问题]
# options to pass into the jdbc connection, given as opt=val&opt2=val2
jdbc_options=characterEncoding=utf8mb4&autoReconnect=true&allowMultiQueries=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
#使用replication_host 则开启
#replication_jdbc_options=characterEncoding=utf8mb4&autoReconnect=true&allowMultiQueries=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
#使用schema_host 则开启
#schema_jdbc_options=characterEncoding=utf8mb4&autoReconnect=true&allowMultiQueries=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
 
#rabbitmq消息配置
producer=rabbitmq
rabbitmq_host=1600123129785135.mq-amqp.cn-hangzhou-a.aliyuncs.com
rabbitmq_user=MjoxNjAwMTIzMTI5Nzg1MTM1OkxUQUk1dEhObnVBN2NxbTJHeEUyMXBXSw==
rabbitmq_pass=OUJBNTc3NzY2OUE1MUEyOUUzODQzN0Q2NjhCNTU5QzY2RjlDNkZDMToxNjM5NDQ1OTkzMTQ0
rabbitmq_port=5672
rabbitmq_virtual_host=canal-vhost
rabbitmq_exchange=canal-exchange-routing-key
rabbitmq_exchange_type=fanout
rabbitmq_exchange_durable=true
rabbitmq_exchange_autodelete=false
##按照 db.tbl 的格式指定 routing_key，在创建队列时，可以根据不同的表进入不同的队列，提高并行消费而不乱序的能力
#rabbitmq_routing_key_template=%db%.%table%
 
 
#     *** general ***
# choose where to produce data to. stdout|file|kafka|kinesis|pubsub|sqs|rabbitmq|redis
#producer=kafka
 
# set the log level.  note that you can configure things further in log4j2.xml
#log_level=DEBUG # [DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR]
 
# if set, maxwell will look up the scoped environment variables, strip off the prefix and inject the configs
#env_config_prefix=MAXWELL_
 
#     *** mysql ***
 
# mysql host to connect to
#host=hostname
 
# mysql port to connect to
#port=3306
 
# mysql user to connect as.  This user must have REPLICATION SLAVE permissions,
# as well as full access to the `maxwell` (or schema_database) database
#user=maxwell
 
# mysql password
#password=maxwell
 
# options to pass into the jdbc connection, given as opt=val&opt2=val2
#jdbc_options=opt1=100&opt2=hello
 
# name of the mysql database where maxwell keeps its own state
#schema_database=maxwell
 
# whether to use GTID or not for positioning
#gtid_mode=true
 
# maxwell will capture an initial "base" schema containing all table and column information,
# and then keep delta-updates on top of that schema.  If you have an inordinate amount of DDL changes,
# the table containing delta changes will grow unbounded (and possibly too large) over time.  If you
# enable this option Maxwell will periodically compact its tables.
#max_schemas=10000
 
# SSL/TLS options
# To use VERIFY_CA or VERIFY_IDENTITY, you must set the trust store with Java opts:
#   -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=<truststore> -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=<password>
# or import the MySQL cert into the global Java cacerts.
# MODE must be one of DISABLED, PREFERRED, REQUIRED, VERIFY_CA, or VERIFY_IDENTITY
#
# turns on ssl for the maxwell-store connection, other connections inherit this setting unless specified
#ssl=DISABLED
# for binlog-connector
#replication_ssl=DISABLED
# for the schema-capture connection, if used
#schema_ssl=DISABLED
 
# maxwell can optionally replicate from a different server than where it stores
# schema and binlog position info.  Specify that different server here:
 
#replication_host=other
#replication_user=username
#replication_password=password
#replication_port=3306
 
# This may be useful when using MaxScale's binlog mirroring host.
# Specifies that Maxwell should capture schema from a different server than
# it replicates from:
 
#schema_host=other
#schema_user=username
#schema_password=password
#schema_port=3306
 
 
#       *** output format ***
 
# records include binlog position (default false)
#output_binlog_position=true
 
# records include a gtid string (default false)
#output_gtid_position=true
 
# records include fields with null values (default true).  If this is false,
# fields where the value is null will be omitted entirely from output.
#output_nulls=true
 
# records include server_id (default false)
#output_server_id=true
 
# records include thread_id (default false)
#output_thread_id=true
 
# records include schema_id (default false)
#output_schema_id=true
 
# records include row query, binlog option "binlog_rows_query_log_events" must be enabled" (default false)
#output_row_query=true
 
# DML records include list of values that make up a row's primary key (default false)
#output_primary_keys=true
 
# DML records include list of columns that make up a row's primary key (default false)
#output_primary_key_columns=true
 
# records include commit and xid (default true)
#output_commit_info=true
 
# This controls whether maxwell will output JSON information containing
# DDL (ALTER/CREATE TABLE/ETC) infromation. (default: false)
# See also: ddl_kafka_topic
#output_ddl=true
 
# turns underscore naming style of fields to camel case style in JSON output
# default is none, which means the field name in JSON is the exact name in MySQL table
#output_naming_strategy=underscore_to_camelcase
 
#       *** kafka ***
 
# list of kafka brokers
#kafka.bootstrap.servers=hosta:9092,hostb:9092
 
# kafka topic to write to
# this can be static, e.g. 'maxwell', or dynamic, e.g. namespace_%{database}_%{table}
# in the latter case 'database' and 'table' will be replaced with the values for the row being processed
#kafka_topic=maxwell
 
# alternative kafka topic to write DDL (alter/create/drop) to.  Defaults to kafka_topic
#ddl_kafka_topic=maxwell_ddl
 
# hash function to use.  "default" is just the JVM's 'hashCode' function.
#kafka_partition_hash=default # [default, murmur3]
 
# how maxwell writes its kafka key.
#
# 'hash' looks like:
# {"database":"test","table":"tickets","pk.id":10001}
#
# 'array' looks like:
# ["test","tickets",[{"id":10001}]]
#
# default: "hash"
#kafka_key_format=hash # [hash, array]
 
# extra kafka options.  Anything prefixed "kafka." will get
# passed directly into the kafka-producer's config.
 
# a few defaults.
# These are 0.11-specific. They may or may not work with other versions.
kafka.compression.type=snappy
kafka.retries=0
kafka.acks=1
#kafka.batch.size=16384
 
 
# kafka+SSL example
# kafka.security.protocol=SSL
# kafka.ssl.truststore.location=/var/private/ssl/kafka.client.truststore.jks
# kafka.ssl.truststore.password=test1234
# kafka.ssl.keystore.location=/var/private/ssl/kafka.client.keystore.jks
# kafka.ssl.keystore.password=test1234
# kafka.ssl.key.password=test1234#
 
# controls a heuristic check that maxwell may use to detect messages that
# we never heard back from.  The heuristic check looks for "stuck" messages, and
# will timeout maxwell after this many milliseconds.
#
# See https://github.com/zendesk/maxwell/blob/master/src/main/java/com/zendesk/maxwell/producer/InflightMessageList.java
# if you really want to get into it.
#producer_ack_timeout=120000 # default 0
 
 
#           *** partitioning ***
 
# What part of the data do we partition by?
#producer_partition_by=database # [database, table, primary_key, transaction_id, thread_id, column]
 
# specify what fields to partition by when using producer_partition_by=column
# column separated list.
#producer_partition_columns=id,foo,bar
 
# when using producer_partition_by=column, partition by this when
# the specified column(s) don't exist.
#producer_partition_by_fallback=database
 
#            *** kinesis ***
 
#kinesis_stream=maxwell
 
# AWS places a 256 unicode character limit on the max key length of a record
# http://docs.aws.amazon.com/kinesis/latest/APIReference/API_PutRecord.html
#
# Setting this option to true enables hashing the key with the md5 algorithm
# before we send it to kinesis so all the keys work within the key size limit.
# Values: true, false
# Default: false
#kinesis_md5_keys=true
 
#            *** sqs ***
 
#sqs_queue_uri=aws_sqs_queue_uri
 
# The sqs producer will need aws credentials configured in the default
# root folder and file format. Please check below link on how to do it.
# http://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-java/v1/developer-guide/setup-credentials.html
 
#            *** pub/sub ***
 
#pubsub_project_id=maxwell
#pubsub_topic=maxwell
#ddl_pubsub_topic=maxwell_ddl
 
#            *** rabbit-mq ***
 
#rabbitmq_host=rabbitmq_hostname
#rabbitmq_port=5672
#rabbitmq_user=guest
#rabbitmq_pass=guest
#rabbitmq_virtual_host=/
#rabbitmq_exchange=maxwell
#rabbitmq_exchange_type=fanout
#rabbitmq_exchange_durable=false
#rabbitmq_exchange_autodelete=false
#rabbitmq_routing_key_template=%db%.%table%
#rabbitmq_message_persistent=false
#rabbitmq_declare_exchange=true
 
#           *** redis ***
 
#redis_host=redis_host
#redis_port=6379
#redis_auth=redis_auth
#redis_database=0
 
# name of pubsub/list/whatever key to publish to
#redis_key=maxwell
 
# this can be static, e.g. 'maxwell', or dynamic, e.g. namespace_%{database}_%{table}
#redis_pub_channel=maxwell
# this can be static, e.g. 'maxwell', or dynamic, e.g. namespace_%{database}_%{table}
#redis_list_key=maxwell
# this can be static, e.g. 'maxwell', or dynamic, e.g. namespace_%{database}_%{table}
# Valid values for redis_type = pubsub|lpush. Defaults to pubsub
 
#redis_type=pubsub
 
#           *** custom producer ***
 
# the fully qualified class name for custom ProducerFactory
# see the following link for more details.
# http://maxwells-daemon.io/producers/#custom-producer
#custom_producer.factory=
 
# custom producer properties can be configured using the custom_producer.* property namespace
#custom_producer.custom_prop=foo
 
#          *** filtering ***
 
# filter rows out of Maxwell's output.  Command separated list of filter-rules, evaluated in sequence.
# A filter rule is:
#  <type> ":" <db> "." <tbl> [ "." <col> "=" <col_val> ]
#  type    ::= [ "include" | "exclude" | "blacklist" ]
#  db      ::= [ "/regexp/" | "string" | "`string`" | "*" ]
#  tbl     ::= [ "/regexp/" | "string" | "`string`" | "*" ]
#  col_val ::= "column_name"
#  tbl     ::= [ "/regexp/" | "string" | "`string`" | "*" ]
#
# See http://maxwells-daemon.io/filtering for more details
#
#filter= exclude: *.*, include: foo.*, include: bar.baz, include: foo.bar.col_eg = "value_to_match"
 
# javascript filter
# maxwell can run a bit of javascript for each row if you need very custom filtering/data munging.
# See http://maxwells-daemon.io/filtering/#javascript_filters for more details
#
#javascript=/path/to/javascript_filter_file
 
#       *** encryption ***
 
# Encryption mode. Possible values are none, data, and all. (default none)
#encrypt=none
 
# Specify the secret key to be used
#secret_key=RandomInitVector
 
#       *** monitoring ***
 
# Maxwell collects metrics via dropwizard. These can be exposed through the
# base logging mechanism (slf4j), JMX, HTTP or pushed to Datadog.
# Options: [jmx, slf4j, http, datadog]
# Supplying multiple is allowed.
#metrics_type=jmx,slf4j
 
# The prefix maxwell will apply to all metrics
#metrics_prefix=MaxwellMetrics # default MaxwellMetrics
 
# Enable (dropwizard) JVM metrics, default false
#metrics_jvm=true
 
# When metrics_type includes slf4j this is the frequency metrics are emitted to the log, in seconds
#metrics_slf4j_interval=60
 
# When metrics_type includes http or diagnostic is enabled, this is the port the server will bind to.
#http_port=8080
 
# When metrics_type includes http or diagnostic is enabled, this is the http path prefix, default /.
#http_path_prefix=/some/path/
 
# ** The following are Datadog specific. **
# When metrics_type includes datadog this is the way metrics will be reported.
# Options: [udp, http]
# Supplying multiple is not allowed.
#metrics_datadog_type=udp
 
# datadog tags that should be supplied
#metrics_datadog_tags=tag1:value1,tag2:value2
 
# The frequency metrics are pushed to datadog, in seconds
#metrics_datadog_interval=60
 
# required if metrics_datadog_type = http
#metrics_datadog_apikey=API_KEY
 
# required if metrics_datadog_type = udp
#metrics_datadog_host=localhost # default localhost
#metrics_datadog_port=8125 # default 8125
 
# Maxwell exposes http diagnostic endpoint to check below in parallel:
# 1. binlog replication lag
# 2. producer (currently kafka) lag
 
# To enable Maxwell diagnostic
#http_diagnostic=true # default false
 
# Diagnostic check timeout in milliseconds, required if diagnostic = true
#http_diagnostic_timeout=10000 # default 10000
 
#    *** misc ***
 
# maxwell's bootstrapping functionality has a couple of modes.
#
# In "async" mode, maxwell will output the replication stream while it
# simultaneously outputs the database to the topic.  Note that it won't
# output replication data for any tables it is currently bootstrapping -- this
# data will be buffered and output after the bootstrap is complete.
#
# In "sync" mode, maxwell stops the replication stream while it
# outputs bootstrap data.
#
# async mode keeps ops live while bootstrapping, but carries the possibility of
# data loss (due to buffering transactions).  sync mode is safer but you
# have to stop replication.
#bootstrapper=async [sync, async, none]
 
# output filename when using the "file" producer
#output_file=/path/to/file