Kafka中shell命令使用（创建、查看、修改和删除Topic，模拟创建生产者和消费者）_kafka 创建topic

1、 使用Kafka命令来创建Topic

 执行./kafka-topics.sh会有下述参数提示：

Create, delete, describe, or change a topic.
Option                                   Description                            
------                                   -----------                            
--alter                                  Alter the number of partitions,        
                                           replica assignment, and/or           
                                           configuration for the topic.         
--at-min-isr-partitions                  if set when describing topics, only    
                                           show partitions whose isr count is   
                                           equal to the configured minimum. Not 
                                           supported with the --zookeeper       
                                           option.                              
--bootstrap-server <String: server to    REQUIRED: The Kafka server to connect  
  connect to>                              to. In case of providing this, a     
                                           direct Zookeeper connection won't be 
                                           required.                            
--command-config <String: command        Property file containing configs to be 
  config property file>                    passed to Admin Client. This is used 
                                           only with --bootstrap-server option  
                                           for describing and altering broker   
                                           configs.                             
--config <String: name=value>            A topic configuration override for the 
                                           topic being created or altered.The   
                                           following is a list of valid         
                                           configurations:                      
                                                cleanup.policy                        
                                                compression.type                      
                                                delete.retention.ms                   
                                                file.delete.delay.ms                  
                                                flush.messages                        
                                                flush.ms                              
                                                follower.replication.throttled.       
                                           replicas                             
                                                index.interval.bytes                  
                                                leader.replication.throttled.replicas 
                                                max.compaction.lag.ms                 
                                                max.message.bytes                     
                                                message.downconversion.enable         
                                                message.format.version                
                                                message.timestamp.difference.max.ms   
                                                message.timestamp.type                
                                                min.cleanable.dirty.ratio             
                                                min.compaction.lag.ms                 
                                                min.insync.replicas                   
                                                preallocate                           
                                                retention.bytes                       
                                                retention.ms                          
                                                segment.bytes                         
                                                segment.index.bytes                   
                                                segment.jitter.ms                     
                                                segment.ms                            
                                                unclean.leader.election.enable        
                                         See the Kafka documentation for full   
                                           details on the topic configs.It is   
                                           supported only in combination with --
                                           create if --bootstrap-server option  
                                           is used.                             
--create                                 Create a new topic.                    
--delete                                 Delete a topic                         
--delete-config <String: name>           A topic configuration override to be   
                                           removed for an existing topic (see   
                                           the list of configurations under the 
                                           --config option). Not supported with 
                                           the --bootstrap-server option.       
--describe                               List details for the given topics.     
--disable-rack-aware                     Disable rack aware replica assignment  
--exclude-internal                       exclude internal topics when running   
                                           list or describe command. The        
                                           internal topics will be listed by    
                                           default                              
--force                                  Suppress console prompts               
--help                                   Print usage information.               
--if-exists                              if set when altering or deleting or    
                                           describing topics, the action will   
                                           only execute if the topic exists.    
                                           Not supported with the --bootstrap-  
                                           server option.                       
--if-not-exists                          if set when creating topics, the       
                                           action will only execute if the      
                                           topic does not already exist. Not    
                                           supported with the --bootstrap-      
                                           server option.                       
--list                                   List all available topics.             
--partitions <Integer: # of partitions>  The number of partitions for the topic 
                                           being created or altered (WARNING:   
                                           If partitions are increased for a    
                                           topic that has a key, the partition  
                                           logic or ordering of the messages    
                                           will be affected). If not supplied   
                                           for create, defaults to the cluster  
                                           default.                             
--replica-assignment <String:            A list of manual partition-to-broker   
  broker_id_for_part1_replica1 :           assignments for the topic being      
  broker_id_for_part1_replica2 ,           created or altered.                  
  broker_id_for_part2_replica1 :                                                
  broker_id_for_part2_replica2 , ...>                                           
--replication-factor <Integer:           The replication factor for each        
  replication factor>                      partition in the topic being         
                                           created. If not supplied, defaults   
                                           to the cluster default.              
--topic <String: topic>                  The topic to create, alter, describe   
                                           or delete. It also accepts a regular 
                                           expression, except for --create      
                                           option. Put topic name in double     
                                           quotes and use the '\' prefix to     
                                           escape regular expression symbols; e.
                                           g. "test\.topic".                    
--topics-with-overrides                  if set when describing topics, only    
                                           show topics that have overridden     
                                           configs                              
--unavailable-partitions                 if set when describing topics, only    
                                           show partitions whose leader is not  
                                           available                            
--under-min-isr-partitions               if set when describing topics, only    
                                           show partitions whose isr count is   
                                           less than the configured minimum.    
                                           Not supported with the --zookeeper   
                                           option.                              
--under-replicated-partitions            if set when describing topics, only    
                                           show under replicated partitions     
--version                                Display Kafka version.                 
--zookeeper <String: hosts>              DEPRECATED, The connection string for  
                                           the zookeeper connection in the form 
                                           host:port. Multiple hosts can be     
                                           given to allow fail-over. 

创建Topic命令：若命令中缺少某些参数，命令执行时会提示的。 

./kafka-topics.sh --create --zookeeper node1:2181,node2:2182,node3:2183 --topic test_kafka --partitions 3 --replication-factor 2

参数说明：

• --create：表示创建操作
• --zookeeper：指定zookeeper的地址
• --topic：指定topic的名称
• --partitions：指定分片数
• --replication-factor：指定每个分片的副本数量

2、查看Topic

2.1 查看有哪些Topic

./kafka-topics.sh --list --zookeeper node1:2181,node2:2182,node3:2183

 2.2 查看某一个Topic的详细信息

./kafka-topics.sh --describe --zookeeper node1:2181,node2:2182,node3:2183 --topic test_kafka

 以上这些信息来源于：zookeeper。

3. 修改Topic

        可以增加分片的数量，不能减少分片的数量，不支持副本的修改。

./kafka-topics.sh --alter --zookeeper node1:2181,node2:2182,node3:2183 --topic test_kafka --partitions 5

4、 删除Topic

./kafka-topics.sh --delete --zookeeper node1:2181,node2:2182,node3:2183 --topic test_kafka

 当没有数据时，先逻辑删除，等待一小会直接物理删除。

5、模拟一个生产者

 当执行 ./kafka-console-producer.sh命令时会提示下述参数：

This tool helps to read data from standard input and publish it to Kafka.
Option                                   Description                            
------                                   -----------                            
--batch-size <Integer: size>             Number of messages to send in a single 
                                           batch if they are not being sent     
                                           synchronously. (default: 200)        
--broker-list <String: broker-list>      REQUIRED: The broker list string in    
                                           the form HOST1:PORT1,HOST2:PORT2.    
--compression-codec [String:             The compression codec: either 'none',  
  compression-codec]                       'gzip', 'snappy', 'lz4', or 'zstd'.  
                                           If specified without value, then it  
                                           defaults to 'gzip'                   
--help                                   Print usage information.               
--line-reader <String: reader_class>     The class name of the class to use for 
                                           reading lines from standard in. By   
                                           default each line is read as a       
                                           separate message. (default: kafka.   
                                           tools.                               
                                           ConsoleProducer$LineMessageReader)   
--max-block-ms <Long: max block on       The max time that the producer will    
  send>                                    block for during a send request      
                                           (default: 60000)                     
--max-memory-bytes <Long: total memory   The total memory used by the producer  
  in bytes>                                to buffer records waiting to be sent 
                                           to the server. (default: 33554432)   
--max-partition-memory-bytes <Long:      The buffer size allocated for a        
  memory in bytes per partition>           partition. When records are received 
                                           which are smaller than this size the 
                                           producer will attempt to             
                                           optimistically group them together   
                                           until this size is reached.          
                                           (default: 16384)                     
--message-send-max-retries <Integer>     Brokers can fail receiving the message 
                                           for multiple reasons, and being      
                                           unavailable transiently is just one  
                                           of them. This property specifies the 
                                           number of retires before the         
                                           producer give up and drop this       
                                           message. (default: 3)                
--metadata-expiry-ms <Long: metadata     The period of time in milliseconds     
  expiration interval>                     after which we force a refresh of    
                                           metadata even if we haven't seen any 
                                           leadership changes. (default: 300000)
--producer-property <String:             A mechanism to pass user-defined       
  producer_prop>                           properties in the form key=value to  
                                           the producer.                        
--producer.config <String: config file>  Producer config properties file. Note  
                                           that [producer-property] takes       
                                           precedence over this config.         
--property <String: prop>                A mechanism to pass user-defined       
                                           properties in the form key=value to  
                                           the message reader. This allows      
                                           custom configuration for a user-     
                                           defined message reader.              
--request-required-acks <String:         The required acks of the producer      
  request required acks>                   requests (default: 1)                
--request-timeout-ms <Integer: request   The ack timeout of the producer        
  timeout ms>                              requests. Value must be non-negative 
                                           and non-zero (default: 1500)         
--retry-backoff-ms <Integer>             Before each retry, the producer        
                                           refreshes the metadata of relevant   
                                           topics. Since leader election takes  
                                           a bit of time, this property         
                                           specifies the amount of time that    
                                           the producer waits before refreshing 
                                           the metadata. (default: 100)         
--socket-buffer-size <Integer: size>     The size of the tcp RECV size.         
                                           (default: 102400)                    
--sync                                   If set message send requests to the    
                                           brokers are synchronously, one at a  
                                           time as they arrive.                 
--timeout <Integer: timeout_ms>          If set and the producer is running in  
                                           asynchronous mode, this gives the    
                                           maximum amount of time a message     
                                           will queue awaiting sufficient batch 
                                           size. The value is given in ms.      
                                           (default: 1000)                      
--topic <String: topic>                  REQUIRED: The topic id to produce      
                                           messages to.                         
--version                                Display Kafka version. 

生产者命令：

./kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list node1:9091,node2:9092,node3:9093 --topic test_kafka

6、模拟一个消费者

当执行 ./kafka-console-consumer.sh命令时会提示下述参数：

This tool helps to read data from Kafka topics and outputs it to standard output.
Option                                   Description                            
------                                   -----------                            
--bootstrap-server <String: server to    REQUIRED: The server(s) to connect to. 
  connect to>                                                                   
--consumer-property <String:             A mechanism to pass user-defined       
  consumer_prop>                           properties in the form key=value to  
                                           the consumer.                        
--consumer.config <String: config file>  Consumer config properties file. Note  
                                           that [consumer-property] takes       
                                           precedence over this config.         
--enable-systest-events                  Log lifecycle events of the consumer   
                                           in addition to logging consumed      
                                           messages. (This is specific for      
                                           system tests.)                       
--formatter <String: class>              The name of a class to use for         
                                           formatting kafka messages for        
                                           display. (default: kafka.tools.      
                                           DefaultMessageFormatter)             
--from-beginning                         If the consumer does not already have  
                                           an established offset to consume     
                                           from, start with the earliest        
                                           message present in the log rather    
                                           than the latest message.             
--group <String: consumer group id>      The consumer group id of the consumer. 
--help                                   Print usage information.               
--isolation-level <String>               Set to read_committed in order to      
                                           filter out transactional messages    
                                           which are not committed. Set to      
                                           read_uncommittedto read all          
                                           messages. (default: read_uncommitted)
--key-deserializer <String:                                                     
  deserializer for key>                                                         
--max-messages <Integer: num_messages>   The maximum number of messages to      
                                           consume before exiting. If not set,  
                                           consumption is continual.            
--offset <String: consume offset>        The offset id to consume from (a non-  
                                           negative number), or 'earliest'      
                                           which means from beginning, or       
                                           'latest' which means from end        
                                           (default: latest)                    
--partition <Integer: partition>         The partition to consume from.         
                                           Consumption starts from the end of   
                                           the partition unless '--offset' is   
                                           specified.                           
--property <String: prop>                The properties to initialize the       
                                           message formatter. Default           
                                           properties include:                  
                                                print.timestamp=true|false            
                                                print.key=true|false                  
                                                print.value=true|false                
                                                key.separator=<key.separator>         
                                                line.separator=<line.separator>       
                                                key.deserializer=<key.deserializer>   
                                                value.deserializer=<value.            
                                           deserializer>                        
                                         Users can also pass in customized      
                                           properties for their formatter; more 
                                           specifically, users can pass in      
                                           properties keyed with 'key.          
                                           deserializer.' and 'value.           
                                           deserializer.' prefixes to configure 
                                           their deserializers.                 
--skip-message-on-error                  If there is an error when processing a 
                                           message, skip it instead of halt.    
--timeout-ms <Integer: timeout_ms>       If specified, exit if no message is    
                                           available for consumption for the    
                                           specified interval.                  
--topic <String: topic>                  The topic id to consume on.            
--value-deserializer <String:                                                   
  deserializer for values>                                                      
--version                                Display Kafka version.                 
--whitelist <String: whitelist>          Regular expression specifying          
                                           whitelist of topics to include for   
                                           consumption.    

消费者命令：

./kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server node1:9091,node2:9092,node3:9093 --topic test_kafka

指定消费者消费哪个分区的数据：

./kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server node1:9091,node2:9092,node3:9093 --topic test_kafka --partition 0

7、测试生产者和消费者

 出现上述情形，说明测试成功！

注意：当生产者和消费者命令执行时的topic不存在时，会新建的。