当前位置:   article > 正文

大模型从入门到应用——LangChain:模型(Models)-[聊天模型(Chat Models):基础知识]_langchain model

langchain model

分类目录:《大模型从入门到应用》总目录

LangChain系列文章:


聊天模型是语言模型的一种变体。虽然聊天模型在内部使用语言模型,但它们公开的接口略有不同。它们不是提供一个“输入文本,输出文本”的API,而是提供一个以“聊天消息”作为输入和输出的接口。 聊天模型的API还比较新,因此我们仍在确定正确的抽象层次。本问将介绍如何开始使用聊天模型,该接口是基于消息而不是原始文本构建的:

from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI
from langchain import PromptTemplate, LLMChain
from langchain.prompts.chat import (
    ChatPromptTemplate,
    SystemMessagePromptTemplate,
    AIMessagePromptTemplate,
    HumanMessagePromptTemplate,
)
from langchain.schema import (
    AIMessage,
    HumanMessage,
    SystemMessage
)
chat = ChatOpenAI(temperature=0)
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14

通过向聊天模型传递一个或多个消息,可以获取聊天完成的结果。响应将是一个消息。LangChain目前支持的消息类型有AIMessageHumanMessageSystemMessageChatMessage,其中ChatMessage接受一个任意的角色参数。大多数情况下,我们只需要处理HumanMessageAIMessageSystemMessage

chat([HumanMessage(content="Translate this sentence from English to French. I love programming.")])
  • 1

输出:

AIMessage(content="J'aime programmer.", additional_kwargs={})
  • 1

OpenAI的聊天模型支持多个消息作为输入。更多信息请参见这里。以下是向聊天模型发送系统消息和用户消息的示例:

messages = [
    SystemMessage(content="You are a helpful assistant that translates English to French."),
    HumanMessage(content="I love programming.")
]
chat(messages)
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5

输出:

AIMessage(content="J'aime programmer.", additional_kwargs={})
  • 1

您还可以进一步生成多组消息的完成结果,使用generate方法实现。该方法将返回一个带有额外message参数的LLMResult

batch_messages = [
    [
        SystemMessage(content="You are a helpful assistant that translates English to French."),
        HumanMessage(content="I love programming.")
    ],
    [
        SystemMessage(content="You are a helpful assistant that translates English to French."),
        HumanMessage(content="I love artificial intelligence.")
    ],
]
result = chat.generate(batch_messages)
result
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12

输出:

LLMResult(generations=[[ChatGeneration(text="J'aime programmer.", generation_info=None, message=AIMessage(content="J'aime programmer.", additional_kwargs={}))], [ChatGeneration(text="J'aime l'intelligence artificielle.", generation_info=None, message=AIMessage(content="J'aime l'intelligence artificielle.", additional_kwargs={}))]], llm_output={'token_usage': {'prompt_tokens': 57, 'completion_tokens': 20, 'total_tokens': 77}})
  • 1

我们可以从LLMResult中获取诸如标记使用情况之类的信息:

result.llm_output
  • 1

输出:

{'token_usage': {'prompt_tokens': 57,
  'completion_tokens': 20,
  'total_tokens': 77}}
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3

PromptTemplates

我们可以使用模板来构建MessagePromptTemplate。我们可以从一个或多个MessagePromptTemplate构建一个ChatPromptTemplate。我们还可以使用ChatPromptTemplateformat_prompt方法,它将返回一个PromptValue,我们可以将其转换为字符串或消息对象,具体取决于我们是否希望将格式化后的值作为输入传递给LLM或Chat模型的输入。为了方便起见,模板上公开了一个from_template方法。如果您要使用此模板,代码如下所示:

template="You are a helpful assistant that translates {input_language} to {output_language}."
system_message_prompt = SystemMessagePromptTemplate.from_template(template)
human_template="{text}"
human_message_prompt = HumanMessagePromptTemplate.from_template(human_template)
chat_prompt = ChatPromptTemplate.from_messages([system_message_prompt, human_message_prompt])

# 获取格式化后的消息的聊天完成结果
chat(chat_prompt.format_prompt(input_language="English", output_language="French", text="I love programming.").to_messages())
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8

输出:

AIMessage(content="J'adore la programmation.", additional_kwargs={})
  • 1

如果我们想直接更直接地构建MessagePromptTemplate,我们可以在外部创建一个PromptTemplate,然后将其传递进去,例如:

prompt=PromptTemplate(
    template="You are a helpful assistant that translates {input_language} to {output_language}.",
    input_variables=["input_language", "output_language"],
)
system_message_prompt = SystemMessagePromptTemplate(prompt=prompt)
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5

LLMChain

我们可以以与以前非常相似的方式使用现有的LLMChain,即提供一个提示和一个模型:

chain = LLMChain(llm=chat, prompt=chat_prompt)
chain.run(input_language="English", output_language="French", text="I love programming.")
  • 1
  • 2

输出:

"J'adore la programmation."
  • 1

Streaming

通过回调处理,ChatOpenAI支持流式处理。

from langchain.callbacks.streaming_stdout import StreamingStdOutCallbackHandler
chat = ChatOpenAI(streaming=True, callbacks=[StreamingStdOutCallbackHandler()], temperature=0)
resp = chat([HumanMessage(content="Write me a song about sparkling water.")])
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3

输出:

Verse 1:
Bubbles rising to the top
A refreshing drink that never stops
Clear and crisp, it's pure delight
A taste that's sure to excite

Chorus:
Sparkling water, oh so fine
A drink that's always on my mind
With every sip, I feel alive
Sparkling water, you're my vibe

Verse 2:
No sugar, no calories, just pure bliss
A drink that's hard to resist
It's the perfect way to quench my thirst
A drink that always comes first

Chorus:
Sparkling water, oh so fine
A drink that's always on my mind
With every sip, I feel alive
Sparkling water, you're my vibe

Bridge:
From the mountains to the sea
Sparkling water, you're the key
To a healthy life, a happy soul
A drink that makes me feel whole

Chorus:
Sparkling water, oh so fine
A drink that's always on my mind
With every sip, I feel alive
Sparkling water, you're my vibe

Outro:
Sparkling water, you're the one
A drink that's always so much fun
I'll never let you go, my friend
Sparkling
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23
  • 24
  • 25
  • 26
  • 27
  • 28
  • 29
  • 30
  • 31
  • 32
  • 33
  • 34
  • 35
  • 36
  • 37
  • 38
  • 39
  • 40
  • 41

参考文献:
[1] LangChain

声明:本文内容由网友自发贡献,不代表【wpsshop博客】立场,版权归原作者所有,本站不承担相应法律责任。如您发现有侵权的内容,请联系我们。转载请注明出处:https://www.wpsshop.cn/article/detail/59880
推荐阅读
相关标签