Mac系统docker安装配置及基本使用_mac安装docker

1、下载并安装

地址：https://hub.docker.com/editions/community/docker-ce-desktop-mac/

安装完成后，启动Docker，点击鲸鱼图标可显示docker的相关操作，如下图。

2、配置镜像加速

在国内访问默认的官方镜像速度较慢，可使用阿里云的镜像加速，注册阿里账号并申请容器服务之后，可在 这里 查看分配的镜像加速地址。然后在Docker的Preferences中配置加速地址。

3、注册Docker ID

完成上面两个步骤就可以正常使用docker，注册Docker ID是为了便于管理自己的镜像，注册地址：https://hub.docker.com/。

注册完成后可在Mac版Docker桌面工具中登录，并查看自己已有的镜像。

4、基本使用

4.1 docker命令

进入终端，输入docker回车，可查看docker支持的命令，如下

Usage:	docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
 
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
 
Options:
      --config string      Location of client config files (default "/Users/crane/.docker")
  -c, --context string     Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and default context set with "docker context use")
  -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
  -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
      --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
      --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/Users/crane/.docker/ca.pem")
      --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default "/Users/crane/.docker/cert.pem")
      --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/Users/crane/.docker/key.pem")
      --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
  -v, --version            Print version information and quit
 
Management Commands:
  app*        Docker Application (Docker Inc., v0.8.0)
  builder     Manage builds
  buildx*     Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.3.1-tp-docker)
  checkpoint  Manage checkpoints
  config      Manage Docker configs
  container   Manage containers
  context     Manage contexts
  image       Manage images
  manifest    Manage Docker image manifests and manifest lists
  network     Manage networks
  node        Manage Swarm nodes
  plugin      Manage plugins
  secret      Manage Docker secrets
  service     Manage services
  stack       Manage Docker stacks
  swarm       Manage Swarm
  system      Manage Docker
  trust       Manage trust on Docker images
  volume      Manage volumes
 
Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  deploy      Deploy a new stack or update an existing stack
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  events      Get real time events from the server
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  history     Show the history of an image
  images      List images
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  info        Display system-wide information
  inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  login       Log in to a Docker registry
  logout      Log out from a Docker registry
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  ps          List containers
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  rmi         Remove one or more images
  run         Run a command in a new container
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  search      Search the Docker Hub for images
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  version     Show the Docker version information
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

4.2 搜索镜像

比如我们搜索nginx镜像，命令如下，搜索结果中标记“OFFICIAL”的为官方镜像，其他为用户自定义镜像，可根据实际需要选择。

docker search nginx

4.3 获取镜像

搜索到了需要的镜像之后可使用如下命令将镜像拉取到本地，类似于git拉取代码。

# 拉取指定版本xxx镜像
# docker pull nginx:xxx
 
# 拉取最新版本镜像 等价于docker pull nginx:latest
docker pull nginx

4.4 创建并启动容器

镜像拉取成功后，使用下面的命令启动nginx容器，容器内部的80端口已经映射到了本机的8080端口，所以启动成功后可以使用http://localhost:8080/访问docker容器内部nginx80端口映射的地址。

# -d 后台运行
# -p 8080:80 宿主机的8080端口映射到docker内部的80端口
# --name docker-nginx 启动后的容器名称为docker-nginx
docker run -d -p 8080:80 --name docker-nginx nginx

4.5 查看及停止容器

查看容器基本命令如下

# 查看运行中的容器
docker ps
 
# 查看所有容器 包括正在运行和已经停止运行的
docker ps -a

停止容器命令如下

# 通过id直接关闭容器
# docker kill a0fbf4519279
# 通过容器名称直接关闭容器
docker kill docker-nginx
 
 
# 通过id直接容器 默认等待十秒 超时强制关闭
# docker stop a0fbf4519279
# 通过容器名称关闭容器 默认等待十秒 超时强制关闭  等价于 docker stop -t=10 docker-nginx
docker stop docker-nginx

4.6 启动停止的容器

命令如下

# 启动容器可通过容器id或者容器名称
# 通过容器名称启动容器，如果已启动则忽略
docker start docker-nginx
 
# 通过容器名称重新启动容器，如果未启动则直接启动，如果已启动则关闭再启动
# docker restart docker-nginx