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JMS即Java消息服务(Java Message Service)应用程序接口,是一个Java平台中关于面向消息中间件(MOM)的API,用于在两个应用程序之间,或分布式系统中发送消息,进行异步通信。消息中间件一般都遵循JMS规范,如图:
消息队列(Message Queue)也叫做消息中间件。生产者发送消息到消息队列,消费者则从队列中获取消息进行消费,达到异步、解耦、削峰。
生产者发送消息有两种类型queue和topic。
下载地址:https://activemq.apache.org/components/classic/download/ ,支持Windows/Linux平台,根据相应的JDK版本选择对应的版本。
Windows版本apache-activemq-5.16.4为例,解压并启动bin目录下对应系统的activemq.bat文件
可以根据系统选择32位或者64位
启动完成访问 http://127.0.0.1:8161, 默认用户和密码是admin/admin
public class Producer { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "queue"; public static void main(String[] args) throws JMSException { // 创建连接工厂 ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(); // 创建连接 Connection connection = factory.createConnection(); // 启动连接 connection.start(); // 创建session Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); // 创建消息类型为queue Queue queue = session.createQueue(QUEUE_NAME); // 创建生产者 MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(queue); // 发送消息到MQ for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { TextMessage textMessage = session.createTextMessage("message->>>>"+i); producer.send(textMessage); } // 关闭连接 connection.close(); } }
public class Consumer { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "queue"; public static void main(String[] args) throws JMSException, IOException { // 创建连接工厂 ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(); // 创建连接 Connection connection = factory.createConnection(); // 启动连接 connection.start(); // 创建session Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); // 创建接收消息为Queue类型,QUEUE_NAME要与生产者一致 Queue queue = session.createQueue(QUEUE_NAME); // 创建消费者 MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(queue); // 消费消息 TextMessage textMessage = (TextMessage) consumer.receive(); System.out.println(textMessage.getText()); System.out.println("结束---------------》"); // 关闭连接 connection.close(); } }
这里消费者的receive()方法是个阻塞方法,如果mq里面没有消息可以消费,会一直等待,知道有新的消息。
可以使用receive(long timeout)方法指定等待超时时间。
public class TopicProducer { private static final String TOPIC_NAME = "topic_name"; public static void main(String[] args) throws JMSException { // 创建连接工厂 ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(); // 创建连接 Connection connection = factory.createConnection(); // 启动连接 connection.start(); // 创建session Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); // 创建消息类型为topic Topic topic = (Topic) session.createTopic(TOPIC_NAME); // 创建生产者 MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(topic); // 发送消息到MQ for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { TextMessage textMessage = session.createTextMessage("topic_message->>>>"+i); producer.send(textMessage); } // 关闭连接 connection.close(); } }
public class TopicConsumer1 { public static final String TOPIC_NAME = "topic_name"; public static void main(String[] args) throws JMSException, IOException { // 创建连接工厂 ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(); // 创建连接 Connection connection = factory.createConnection(); // 启动连接 connection.start(); // 创建session Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); // 创建接收消息为topic类型,TOPIC_NAME要与生产者一致 Topic topic = session.createTopic(TOPIC_NAME); // 创建消费者 MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(topic); // 消费消息 consumer.setMessageListener(message -> { TextMessage textMessage = (TextMessage) message; try { System.out.println(textMessage.getText()); } catch (JMSException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }); System.in.read(); // 关闭连接 connection.close(); } }
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-activemq</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
server:
port: 8001
spring:
activemq:
# activemq服务地址
broker-url: tcp://localhost:61616
# 账号密码
user: admin
password: admin
jms:
# 消息类型 false: 点对点queue true: 发布/订阅topic
pub-sub-domain: false
@Configuration
@EnableJms
public class ActivemqConfig {
/**
* queue注入容器
*/
public Queue queue() {
return new ActiveMQQueue("boot_queue");
}
}
@EnableJms
注解开启mq
@Service
public class Producer {
@Autowired
private JmsMessagingTemplate jmsMessagingTemplate;
@Autowired
private Queue queue;
public void sendJms() {
String msg = "boot msg >>>" + System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(msg);
jmsMessagingTemplate.convertAndSend(queue, msg);
}
}
@Service
public class Consumer {
/**
* JmsListener自动监听
*/
@JmsListener(destination = "boot_queue")
public void receiveJms(TextMessage textMessage) throws JMSException {
System.out.println("消费消息:" + textMessage.getText());
}
}
@SpringBootTest
class ActivemqApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private Producer producer;
@Test
void contextLoads() {
producer.sendJms();
}
}
@SpringBootTest
class ActivemqApplicationTests {
@Test
void contextLoads() {
}
}
直接启动测试类,消费者自动接收消息。
发布/订阅消息基本和队列消息一样编写,pub-sub-domain
改成true
, bean注入改成Topic。
Producer:消息生产者,支持分布式集群部署。Producer通过MQ的负载均衡模块选择相应的Broker集群队列进行消息投递,投递的过程支持快速失败并且低延迟。
Consumer:消息消费者,支持分布式集群部署。支持以push推,pull拉两种模式对消息进行消费。同时也支持集群方式和广播方式的消费,它提供实时消息订阅机制,可以满足大多数用户的需求。
NameServer:NameServer是一个非常简单的Topic路由注册中心,其角色类似Dubbo中的zookeeper,支持Broker的动态注册与发现。主要包括两个功能:Broker管理,NameServer接受Broker集群的注册信息并且保存下来作为路由信息的基本数据。然后提供心跳检测机制,检查Broker是否还存活;路由信息管理,每个NameServer将保存关于Broker集群的整个路由信息和用于客户端查询的队列信息。然后Producer和Conumser通过NameServer就可以知道整个Broker集群的路由信息,从而进行消息的投递和消费。NameServer通常也是集群的方式部署,各实例间相互不进行信息通讯。Broker是向每一台NameServer注册自己的路由信息,所以每一个NameServer实例上面都保存一份完整的路由信息。当某个NameServer因某种原因下线了,Broker仍然可以向其它NameServer同步其路由信息,Producer和Consumer仍然可以动态感知Broker的路由的信息。
BrokerServer:Broker主要负责消息的存储、投递和查询以及服务高可用保证,为了实现这些功能,Broker包含了以下几个重要子模块。
地址:https://rocketmq.apache.org/dowloading/releases/
source-release.zip为源码压缩包,需要编译后使用
bin-release.zip为二进制压缩包,推荐下载
上传linux服务器,执行解压命令。
# 进入bin目录
nohup sh mqnamesrv &
# 查看日志
tail -f ~/logs/rocketmqlogs/namesrv.log
# 进入bin目录
nohup sh mqbroker -n localhost:9876 &
# 若要按指定配置启动broker 则要加上 -c 指定文件目录 如:
nohup sh mqbroker -n localhost:9876 -c conf/broker.conf &
# 查看日志
tail -f ~/logs/rocketmqlogs/broker.log
/etc/profile
环境变量,并执行source /etc/profileexport NAMESRV_ADDR=localhost:9876
sh bin/tools.sh org.apache.rocketmq.example.quickstart.Producer
sh bin/tools.sh org.apache.rocketmq.example.quickstart.Consumer
案例:https://github.com/apache/rocketmq/blob/master/docs/cn/RocketMQ_Example.md
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.rocketmq</groupId>
<artifactId>rocketmq-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2</version>
</dependency>
rocketmq:
# namesrv 地址
name-server: xx.xx.xx.xx:9876
producer:
# 生产者组
group: producer-test
@Component
public class Producer {
@Autowired
private RocketMQTemplate rocketMQTemplate;
public void sendMsg() {
rocketMQTemplate.convertAndSend("boot-topic", "springboot消息!");
}
}
测试
@SpringBootTest
class RocketmqApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private Producer producer;
@Test
void contextLoads() {
producer.sendMsg();
}
}
rocketmq:
# namesrv 地址
name-server: xx.xx.xx.xx:9876
@Component
@RocketMQMessageListener(topic = "boot-topic", consumerGroup = "consumer-group-test")
public class Consumer implements RocketMQListener<String> {
@Override
public void onMessage(String msg) {
System.out.println("receive message: " + msg);
}
}
consumerGroup:消费者组名称,topic:订阅主题,selectorExpression:订阅消息tag
项目地址:https://github.com/apache/rocketmq-dashboard
# # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more # contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with # this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. # The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 # (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with # the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. # server: port: 8080 servlet: encoding: charset: UTF-8 enabled: true force: true ## SSL setting # ssl: # key-store: classpath:rmqcngkeystore.jks # key-store-password: rocketmq # key-store-type: PKCS12 # key-alias: rmqcngkey spring: application: name: rocketmq-dashboard logging: config: classpath:logback.xml rocketmq: config: # if this value is empty,use env value rocketmq.config.namesrvAddr NAMESRV_ADDR | now, default localhost:9876 # configure multiple namesrv addresses to manage multiple different clusters namesrvAddrs: - 127.0.0.1:9876 - 127.0.0.2:9876 # if you use rocketmq version < 3.5.8, rocketmq.config.isVIPChannel should be false.default true isVIPChannel: # timeout for mqadminExt, default 5000ms timeoutMillis: # rocketmq-console's data path:dashboard/monitor dataPath: /tmp/rocketmq-console/data # set it false if you don't want use dashboard.default true enableDashBoardCollect: true # set the message track trace topic if you don't want use the default one msgTrackTopicName: ticketKey: ticket # must create userInfo file: ${rocketmq.config.dataPath}/users.properties if the login is required loginRequired: false useTLS: false # set the accessKey and secretKey if you used acl accessKey: # if version > 4.4.0 secretKey: # if version > 4.4.0 threadpool: config: coreSize: 10 maxSize: 10 keepAliveTime: 3000 queueSize: 5000
修改namesrvAddrs
地址,dataPath
日志文件缓存地址。启动服务即可
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