
# ['DEBUG', 'DEFUSEDXML', 'LXML', 'NUMPY', 'Workbook', '__author__', '__author_email__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', 
# '__doc__', '__file__', '__license__', '__loader__', '__maintainer_email__', '__name__', '__package__', '__path__',
# '__spec__', '__url__', '__version__', '_constants', 'cell', 'chart', 'chartsheet', 'comments', 'compat', 'constants',
# 'descriptors', 'drawing', 'formatting', 'formula', 'load_workbook', 'open', 'packaging', 'pivot', 'reader', 'styles',
# 'utils', 'workbook', 'worksheet', 'writer', 'xml']

2、获取openpyxl库的帮助信息

用help()函数获取openpyxl库的帮助信息


Help on package openpyxl:
 
NAME
    openpyxl - # Copyright (c) 2010-2024 openpyxl
 
PACKAGE CONTENTS
    _constants
    cell (package)
    chart (package)
    chartsheet (package)
    comments (package)
    compat (package)
    descriptors (package)
    drawing (package)
    formatting (package)
    formula (package)
    packaging (package)
    pivot (package)
    reader (package)
    styles (package)
    utils (package)
    workbook (package)
    worksheet (package)
    writer (package)
    xml (package)
 
SUBMODULES
    constants
 
DATA
    DEBUG = False
    DEFUSEDXML = False
    LXML = True
    NUMPY = True
    __author_email__ = 'charlie.clark@clark-consulting.eu'
    __license__ = 'MIT'
    __maintainer_email__ = 'openpyxl-users@googlegroups.com'
    __url__ = 'https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io'
 
VERSION
    3.1.3
 
AUTHOR
    See AUTHORS
 
FILE
    e:\python_workspace\pythonproject\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\__init__.py

3、实战案例

3-241、设置单元格区域的除对角框线以外的全部边框


# 3-241、设置单元格区域的除对角框线以外的全部边框
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Border, Side
# 创建一个新的工作簿和工作表
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
# 定义边框样式
thin_side = Side(border_style="thin", color="000000")
border = Border(left=thin_side, right=thin_side, top=thin_side, bottom=thin_side)
# 设定要应用边框的单元格区域
start_row, start_col = 2, 2
end_row, end_col = 5, 5
# 为单元格区域设置边框
for row in range(start_row, end_row + 1):
    for col in range(start_col, end_col + 1):
        cell = ws.cell(row=row, column=col)
        if row == start_row:
            cell.border = Border(top=thin_side, left=thin_side, right=thin_side)
        elif row == end_row:
            cell.border = Border(bottom=thin_side, left=thin_side, right=thin_side)
        else:
            cell.border = Border(left=thin_side, right=thin_side)
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("border_example.xlsx")

3-242、删除单元格区域的全部边框


# 3-242、删除单元格区域的全部边框
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Border, Side
# 创建一个新的工作簿和工作表
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
# 定义一个空边框样式
no_border = Border(left=Side(border_style=None),
                   right=Side(border_style=None),
                   top=Side(border_style=None),
                   bottom=Side(border_style=None))
# 设定要删除边框的单元格区域
start_row, start_col = 2, 2
end_row, end_col = 5, 5
# 为单元格区域删除边框
for row in range(start_row, end_row + 1):
    for col in range(start_col, end_col + 1):
        cell = ws.cell(row=row, column=col)
        cell.border = no_border
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("no_border_example.xlsx")

3-243、设置单元格的颜色和背景


# 3-243、设置单元格的颜色和背景
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill
# 创建一个新的工作簿和工作表
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
# 定义填充样式
fill = PatternFill(start_color="FFFF00",  # 设置背景色为黄色
                   end_color="FFFF00",
                   fill_type="solid")
# 设置要应用背景色的单元格区域
start_row, start_col = 2, 2
end_row, end_col = 5, 5
# 为单元格区域设置背景色
for row in range(start_row, end_row + 1):
    for col in range(start_col, end_col + 1):
        cell = ws.cell(row=row, column=col)
        cell.fill = fill
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("colored_cells_example.xlsx")

3-244、设置单元格的格式


# 3-244、设置单元格的格式
# 3-244-1、设置单元格的字体
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font
# 创建一个新的工作簿和工作表
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
# 定义字体样式
font = Font(name='Arial', size=12, bold=True, italic=True, color='FF0000')
# 设置单元格字体
cell = ws['A1']
cell.value = 'Hello, Openpyxl!'
cell.font = font
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("formatted_font_example.xlsx")
 
# 3-244-2、设置单元格的边框
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Border, Side
# 创建一个新的工作簿和工作表
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
# 定义边框样式
thin_border = Border(left=Side(style='thin'),
                     right=Side(style='thin'),
                     top=Side(style='thin'),
                     bottom=Side(style='thin'))
# 设置单元格边框
cell = ws['B2']
cell.value = 'Border Example'
cell.border = thin_border
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("formatted_border_example.xlsx")
 
# 3-244-3、设置单元格的对齐方式
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Alignment
# 创建一个新的工作簿和工作表
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
# 定义对齐方式
alignment = Alignment(horizontal='center', vertical='center')
# 设置单元格对齐方式
cell = ws['C3']
cell.value = 'Center Aligned'
cell.alignment = alignment
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("formatted_alignment_example.xlsx")
 
# 3-244-4、设置单元格的填充颜色
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill
# 创建一个新的工作簿和工作表
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
# 定义填充样式
fill = PatternFill(start_color="FFFF00",  # 黄色
                   end_color="FFFF00",
                   fill_type="solid")
# 设置单元格填充颜色
cell = ws['D4']
cell.value = 'Filled Color'
cell.fill = fill
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("formatted_fill_example.xlsx")
 
# 3-244-5、综合示例
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font, Border, Side, Alignment, PatternFill
# 创建一个新的工作簿和工作表
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
# 定义字体、边框、对齐方式和填充样式
font = Font(name='Arial', size=12, bold=True, color='FF0000')
thin_border = Border(left=Side(style='thin'),
                     right=Side(style='thin'),
                     top=Side(style='thin'),
                     bottom=Side(style='thin'))
alignment = Alignment(horizontal='center', vertical='center')
fill = PatternFill(start_color="FFFF00", end_color="FFFF00", fill_type="solid")
# 设置单元格格式
cell = ws['E5']
cell.value = 'Formatted Cell'
cell.font = font
cell.border = thin_border
cell.alignment = alignment
cell.fill = fill
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("formatted_cell_example.xlsx")

3-245、设置单元格的对齐方式


# 3-245、设置单元格的对齐方式
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Alignment
# 创建一个新的工作簿和工作表
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
# 定义对齐方式
alignment = Alignment(horizontal='center', vertical='center')
# 设置单元格对齐方式
cell = ws['C3']
cell.value = 'Center Aligned'
cell.alignment = alignment
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("formatted_alignment_example.xlsx")

3-246、缩小单元格内容以全部显示


# 3-246、缩小单元格内容以全部显示
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Alignment
# 创建一个新的工作簿和工作表
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
# 设置单元格内容
cell = ws['A1']
cell.value = 'This is a very long text that needs to fit into a single cell by shrinking the font size.'
# 设置单元格对齐方式并启用缩小以适应单元格
cell.alignment = Alignment(shrinkToFit=True)
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("shrink_to_fit_example.xlsx")

3-247、设定/删除单元格的输入规则和信息提示(有效性设置)


# 3-247、设定/删除单元格的输入规则和信息提示(有效性设置)
# 3-247-1、设置单元格的输入规则和信息提示
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.worksheet.datavalidation import DataValidation
# 创建一个新的工作簿和工作表
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
# 创建一个数据有效性对象，设置为整数类型，限制范围在1到10之间
dv = DataValidation(type="whole", operator="between", formula1=1, formula2=10, showErrorMessage=True)
# 设置输入提示
dv.promptTitle = "输入规则"
dv.prompt = "请输入一个1到10之间的整数。"
dv.showInputMessage = True
# 设置错误提示
dv.errorTitle = "输入错误"
dv.error = "输入值必须在1到10之间。"
dv.showErrorMessage = True
# 将数据有效性对象添加到单元格范围内
ws.add_data_validation(dv)
dv.add(ws["A1"])
# 设置单元格的值以进行测试
ws["A1"] = 5
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("data_validation_example.xlsx")
 
# 3-247-2、删除单元格的输入规则和信息提示
from openpyxl import load_workbook
# 加载已有的工作簿和工作表
wb = load_workbook("data_validation_example.xlsx")
ws = wb.active
# 查找并删除数据有效性对象
for dv in ws.data_validations.dataValidation:
    if "A1" in dv.cells:
        ws.data_validations.dataValidation.remove(dv)
        break
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("data_validation_removed_example.xlsx")

3-248、为单元格设置条件格式/删除条件格式


# 3-248、为单元格设置条件格式/删除条件格式
# 3-248-1、设置单元格的条件格式
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.formatting.rule import ColorScale, Rule
from openpyxl.styles import Color
# 创建一个新的工作簿和工作表
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
# 设置一些示例数据
for i in range(1, 11):
    ws[f'A{i}'] = i
# 创建一个颜色渐变规则
color_scale_rule = ColorScale(cfvo=['min', 'max'],
                              color=[Color('FF0000'), Color('00FF00')])
# 创建一个条件格式规则对象
rule = Rule(type='colorScale', colorScale=color_scale_rule)
# 将条件格式应用到单元格范围
ws.conditional_formatting.add('A1:A10', rule)
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("conditional_formatting_example.xlsx")
 
# 3-248-2、删除单元格的条件格式
from openpyxl import load_workbook
# 加载已有的工作簿和工作表
wb = load_workbook("conditional_formatting_example.xlsx")
ws = wb.active
# 移除条件格式
ws.conditional_formatting.remove('A1:A10')
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("conditional_formatting_removed_example.xlsx")

3-249、为单元格插入指向工作簿内部的超链接/删除超链接


# 3-249、为单元格插入指向工作簿内部的超链接/删除超链接
# 3-249-1、为单元格插入指向工作簿内部的超链接
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter
# 创建一个新的工作簿和工作表
wb = Workbook()
ws1 = wb.active
ws1.title = "Sheet1"
# 创建第二个工作表
ws2 = wb.create_sheet(title="Sheet2")
# 在Sheet2中写入一些示例数据
ws2['A1'] = "This is Sheet2"
# 在Sheet1的单元格A1中插入指向Sheet2单元格A1的超链接
ws1['A1'] = "Go to Sheet2"
ws1['A1'].hyperlink = "#Sheet2!A1"
ws1['A1'].style = "Hyperlink"
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("hyperlink_example.xlsx")
 
# 3-249-2、删除单元格中的超链接
from openpyxl import load_workbook
# 加载已有的工作簿和工作表
wb = load_workbook("hyperlink_example.xlsx")
ws = wb["Sheet1"]
# 删除单元格A1中的超链接
ws['A1'].hyperlink = None
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("hyperlink_removed_example.xlsx")

3-250、为单元格插入指向工作簿外部的超链接/删除超链接


# 3-250、为单元格插入指向工作簿外部的超链接/删除超链接
# 3-250-1、为单元格插入指向工作簿外部的超链接
from openpyxl import Workbook
# 创建一个新的工作簿和工作表
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
ws.title = "Sheet1"
# 在单元格A1中插入指向外部URL的超链接
ws['A1'] = "OpenAI Website"
ws['A1'].hyperlink = "https://www.openai.com"
ws['A1'].style = "Hyperlink"
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("external_hyperlink_example.xlsx")
 
# 3-250-2、删除单元格中的超链接
from openpyxl import load_workbook
# 加载已有的工作簿和工作表
wb = load_workbook("external_hyperlink_example.xlsx")
ws = wb["Sheet1"]
# 删除单元格A1中的超链接
ws['A1'].hyperlink = None
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("hyperlink_removed_example.xlsx")

3-251、为单元格添加批注/删除批注


# 3-251、为单元格添加批注/删除批注
# 3-251-1、为单元格添加批注
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.comments import Comment
# 创建一个新的工作簿和工作表
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
ws.title = "Sheet1"
# 创建一个批注并添加到单元格A1
comment_text = "这是一个批注"
comment_author = "Author Name"
comment = Comment(comment_text, comment_author)
ws['A1'].comment = comment
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("comment_added_example.xlsx")
 
# 3-251-2、删除单元格中的批注
from openpyxl import load_workbook
# 加载已有的工作簿和工作表
wb = load_workbook("comment_added_example.xlsx")
ws = wb["Sheet1"]
# 删除单元格A1中的批注
ws['A1'].comment = None
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("comment_removed_example.xlsx")

3-252、修改单元格的批注


# 3-252、修改单元格的批注
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.comments import Comment
# 加载已有的工作簿和工作表
wb = load_workbook("comment_added_example.xlsx")
ws = wb["Sheet1"]
# 检查单元格A1是否已有批注
if ws['A1'].comment:
    # 获取现有批注
    existing_comment = ws['A1'].comment
    # 修改批注内容
    new_comment_text = "这是修改后的批注"
    existing_comment.text = new_comment_text
else:
    # 如果没有批注，创建一个新的批注
    new_comment_text = "这是一个新的批注"
    comment_author = "New Author"
    new_comment = Comment(new_comment_text, comment_author)
    ws['A1'].comment = new_comment
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("comment_modified_example.xlsx")

3-253、为单元格区域定义名称/删除名称(Name属性)


# 3-253、为单元格区域定义名称/删除名称(Name属性)
# 3-253-1、定义单元格区域名称示例代码
from openpyxl import load_workbook
# 加载已有的工作簿和工作表
wb = load_workbook("example.xlsx")
ws = wb["Sheet1"]
# 为单元格区域定义名称
# 假设我们要为A1:B2区域定义名称为MyNamedRange
wb.create_named_range("MyNamedRange", ws, "A1:B2")
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("example_with_named_range.xlsx")
 
# 3-253-2、删除单元格区域名称示例代码
from openpyxl import load_workbook
# 加载已有的工作簿
wb = load_workbook("example_with_named_range.xlsx")
# 删除名称
if "MyNamedRange" in wb.defined_names:
    del wb.defined_names["MyNamedRange"]
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("example_without_named_range.xlsx")

3-254、为单元格区域定义名称/删除名称(Add方法)


# 3-254、为单元格区域定义名称/删除名称(Add方法)
# 3-254-1、定义单元格区域名称示例代码
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.workbook.defined_name import DefinedName
# 加载已有的工作簿和工作表
wb = load_workbook("example.xlsx")
ws = wb["Sheet1"]
# 使用add方法为单元格区域定义名称
# 假设我们要为A1:B2区域定义名称为MyNamedRange
named_range = DefinedName(name="MyNamedRange", attr_text="Sheet1!$A$1:$B$2")
wb.defined_names.add(named_range)
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("example_with_named_range.xlsx")
 
# 3-254-2、删除单元格区域名称示例代码
from openpyxl import load_workbook
# 加载已有的工作簿
wb = load_workbook("example_with_named_range.xlsx")
# 删除名称
if "MyNamedRange" in wb.defined_names:
    del wb.defined_names["MyNamedRange"]
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("example_without_named_range.xlsx")

3-255、自动调整单元格大小


# 3-255、自动调整单元格大小
# 3-255-1、自动调整列宽
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter
# 加载工作簿和工作表
wb = load_workbook("example.xlsx")
ws = wb.active
# 遍历所有列并计算最大内容长度
for col in ws.columns:
    max_length = 0
    column = col[0].column_letter # 获取列字母
    for cell in col:
        try:
            if len(str(cell.value)) > max_length:
                max_length = len(cell.value)
        except:
            pass
    adjusted_width = (max_length + 2)
    ws.column_dimensions[column].width = adjusted_width
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("example_adjusted_columns.xlsx")
 
# 3-255-2、自动调整行高
from openpyxl import load_workbook
# 加载工作簿和工作表
wb = load_workbook("example.xlsx")
ws = wb.active
# 遍历所有行并计算最大内容高度
for row in ws.iter_rows():
    max_height = 0
    for cell in row:
        try:
            if len(str(cell.value)) > max_height:
                max_height = len(cell.value)
        except:
            pass
    adjusted_height = (max_height + 2)
    ws.row_dimensions[row[0].row].height = adjusted_height
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("example_adjusted_rows.xlsx")

3-256、自动调整工作表全部单元格的大小


# 3-256、自动调整工作表全部单元格的大小
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter
# 加载工作簿和工作表
wb = load_workbook("example.xlsx")
ws = wb.active
# 初始化列宽和行高的字典
col_widths = {}
row_heights = {}
# 遍历所有单元格
for row in ws.iter_rows():
    for cell in row:
        if cell.value:
            # 获取当前单元格的列字母和行号
            col_letter = get_column_letter(cell.column)
            row_number = cell.row
            # 计算并更新列宽
            col_width = len(str(cell.value)) + 2
            if col_letter in col_widths:
                if col_width > col_widths[col_letter]:
                    col_widths[col_letter] = col_width
            else:
                col_widths[col_letter] = col_width
            # 计算并更新行高
            row_height = (len(str(cell.value)) // 10 + 1) * 15
            if row_number in row_heights:
                if row_height > row_heights[row_number]:
                    row_heights[row_number] = row_height
            else:
                row_heights[row_number] = row_height
# 设置列宽
for col_letter, col_width in col_widths.items():
    ws.column_dimensions[col_letter].width = col_width
# 设置行高
for row_number, row_height in row_heights.items():
    ws.row_dimensions[row_number].height = row_height
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("example_adjusted.xlsx")

3-257、设置单元格的大小(以磅为单位)


# 3-257、设置单元格的大小(以磅为单位)
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter
# 加载工作簿和工作表
wb = load_workbook("example.xlsx")
ws = wb.active
# 设置行高，单位为磅
def set_row_height(ws, row, height):
    ws.row_dimensions[row].height = height
# 设置列宽，估算单位为磅
def set_column_width(ws, col, width):
    col_letter = get_column_letter(col)
    # 经验公式：列宽单位约为字符宽度的单位
    ws.column_dimensions[col_letter].width = width
# 示例：设置第1行高度为20磅
set_row_height(ws, 1, 20)
# 示例：设置第1列宽度为10个字符宽度
set_column_width(ws, 1, 10)
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("example_adjusted.xlsx")

3-258、设置单元格的大小(以cm为单位)


# 3-258、设置单元格的大小(以cm为单位)
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter
# 加载工作簿和工作表
wb = load_workbook("example.xlsx")
ws = wb.active
# 转换函数：厘米到磅
def cm_to_points(cm):
    return cm * 28.3465
# 转换函数：厘米到列宽（估算）
def cm_to_column_width(cm):
    # 1字符宽度约为0.1726厘米
    return cm / 0.1726
# 设置行高，以厘米为单位
def set_row_height_cm(ws, row, height_cm):
    height_points = cm_to_points(height_cm)
    ws.row_dimensions[row].height = height_points
# 设置列宽，以厘米为单位
def set_column_width_cm(ws, col, width_cm):
    width_chars = cm_to_column_width(width_cm)
    col_letter = get_column_letter(col)
    ws.column_dimensions[col_letter].width = width_chars
# 示例：设置第1行高度为2厘米
set_row_height_cm(ws, 1, 2)
# 示例：设置第1列宽度为2厘米
set_column_width_cm(ws, 1, 2)
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("example_adjusted.xlsx")

3-259、设置单元格的大小(以in为单位)


# 3-259、设置单元格的大小(以in为单位)
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter
# 加载工作簿和工作表
wb = load_workbook("example.xlsx")
ws = wb.active
# 转换函数：英寸到磅
def inches_to_points(inches):
    return inches * 72
# 转换函数：英寸到列宽（估算）
def inches_to_column_width(inches):
    # 1字符宽度约为0.68英寸
    return inches / 0.1726
# 设置行高，以英寸为单位
def set_row_height_in(ws, row, height_in):
    height_points = inches_to_points(height_in)
    ws.row_dimensions[row].height = height_points
# 设置列宽，以英寸为单位
def set_column_width_in(ws, col, width_in):
    width_chars = inches_to_column_width(width_in)
    col_letter = get_column_letter(col)
    ws.column_dimensions[col_letter].width = width_chars
# 示例：设置第1行高度为1英寸
set_row_height_in(ws, 1, 1)
# 示例：设置第1列宽度为1英寸
set_column_width_in(ws, 1, 1)
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("example_adjusted.xlsx")

3-260、锁定单元格/解除单元格锁定


# 3-260、锁定单元格/解除单元格锁定
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.worksheet.protection import SheetProtection
# 加载工作簿和工作表
wb = load_workbook("example.xlsx")
ws = wb.active
# 锁定单元格
def lock_cell(ws, cell_coordinate):
    cell = ws[cell_coordinate]
    cell.protection = SheetProtection(locked=True)
# 解除单元格锁定
def unlock_cell(ws, cell_coordinate):
    cell = ws[cell_coordinate]
    cell.protection = SheetProtection(locked=False)
# 锁定A1单元格
lock_cell(ws, 'A1')
# 解除A2单元格锁定
unlock_cell(ws, 'A2')
# 保护工作表，使锁定生效
ws.protection.sheet = True
ws.protection.password = "your_password"  # 可选：设置密码保护
# 保存工作簿
wb.save("example_protected.xlsx")

五、推荐阅读

1、Python筑基之旅

2、Python函数之旅

3、Python算法之旅

4、Python魔法之旅

5、博客个人主页

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