Python基础篇：单元测试unittest_from unittest import testcase

一：简介

• 测试类必须继承unittest.TestCase，测试方法名必须以test开头才算测试方法)

• 测试方法如果是以test开头后面跟数字，测试执行顺序就按照数字顺序来执行，否则按照方法的前后声明来执行

• 一个测试方法叫一个 TestCase

• 一个测试类叫 TestSuite

• 测试加载器 TestLoader 用于加载多个TestCase

• 文本测试运行器 TextTestRunner 将测试结果以文本的形式输出到控制台

• HTML测试运行器 HTMLTestRunner 将测试结果写到.html文件中

二：案例

testcase1.py

from unittest import TestCase


class TestCase1(TestCase):
    def test01(self):
        print('TestCase2:test01')
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testcase2.py

import os
import unittest
from unittest import TestCase
from testcase1 import TestCase1


class User:
    pass


# 必须继承TestCase
# 测试方法名可以'test'开头，以数字作为编号
class TestCase2(TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls) -> None:
        print('1. setUpClass init 多个案例最先执行一次，优先级高于setUp')

    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls) -> None:
        print('4. tearDownClass destroy 多个测试方法最后只会执行一次')

    def setUp(self) -> None:
        print('2. setUp init 每个测试方法都会执行一次')

    def tearDown(self) -> None:
        print('3. tearDown destroy 每个测试方法都会执行销毁')

    def test00(self):
        print('test00')

    def test01(self):
        print('test01')
        first = 'a'
        second = 'a'
        msg = 'assert error'

        self.assertEqual(first, second, msg)
        self.assertNotEqual(first, second, msg)
        self.assertTrue(first, msg)
        self.assertFalse(first, msg)
        self.assertIsNone(first, msg)
        self.assertIsNotNone(first, msg)

        user1 = User()
        user2 = user1
        # user1 is user2
        self.assertIs(user1, user2)
        self.assertIsNot(user1, user2)
        self.assertIn(1, [1, 2, 3])
        self.assertNotIn(1, [2, 3, 4])

        self.assertIsInstance(1, int)
        self.assertNotIsInstance([1, 2, 3], dict)

        self.assertGreater(2, 1, '2 > 1')
        self.assertGreaterEqual(1, 1, '1 >= 1')

        self.assertLess(1, 2, '1 < 2')
        self.assertLessEqual(1, 2, '1 <= 2')

    @unittest.skipIf(2 > 1, 'skipIf：condition为true跳过')
    def test03(self):
        print('test03')

    @unittest.skip('跳过该测试案例skip')
    def test02(self):
        print('test02')

    @unittest.skipUnless(2 > 1, 'skipUnless: condition为true执行，为false不执行')
    def test04(self):
        print('test04')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 运行方式一：运行当前文件中以test开头的函数
    unittest.main()

    # 运行方式二：运行多个测试类下的测试方法
    loader = unittest.TestLoader()
    testsuite1 = loader.loadTestsFromTestCase(TestCase1)
    testsuite2 = loader.loadTestsFromTestCase(TestCase2)

    suite = unittest.TestSuite([testsuite1, testsuite2])
    runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
    runner.run(suite)

    # 方式三：运行指定目录下的所有以test开头的py文件
    tests = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(os.path.dirname(__file__), pattern='test*.py')
    suite = unittest.TestSuite()
    suite.addTest(tests)
    runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
    runner.run(suite)
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