Ubuntu操作系统-02-Ubuntu查看系统信息和配置网络和Yum_ubuntu系统 查看操作系统信息

一：查看系统信息命令

1.uname -a ：查看到操作系统的发行版号和操作系统版本

root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# uname -a
Linux hehao-virtual-machine 5.11.0-25-generic #27~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jul 13 17:41:23 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# 

2.uname -v：操作系统版本号

root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# uname -v
#27~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jul 13 17:41:23 UTC 2021
root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# 

3.lsb_release -a :可以查看操作系统的发行版号

root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	Ubuntu
Description:	Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS
Release:	20.04
Codename:	focal
root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# 

4.cat  /etc/issue

• /etc/issue文件是Linux系统开机启动时在命令行界面弹出的欢迎语句文件
• Ubuntu中记录了发行版本名，但CentOS没有

root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# cat /etc/issue
Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS \n \l
 
root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# 

5.cat /proc/version

• 查看显示内存中kernel相关的版本、编译等信息
• Ubuntu和CentOS通用，可以显示内核版本同时显示发行版本

root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# cat /proc/version
Linux version 5.11.0-25-generic (buildd@lgw01-amd64-038) (gcc (Ubuntu 9.3.0-17ubuntu1~20.04) 9.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.34) #27~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jul 13 17:41:23 UTC 2021
root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# 

6.cat /etc/os-release 包含操作系统标识数据的文件

root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# cat /etc/os-release 
NAME="Ubuntu Kylin"
VERSION="20.04 (Focal Fossa)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS"
VERSION_ID="20.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=focal
UBUNTU_CODENAME=focal
root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# 

7.hostnamectl  主机名的命令，也可以使用这个查看Ubuntu的版本

root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# hostnamectl 
   Static hostname: hehao-virtual-machine
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: aa9c5391c0744988a599e179e489726d
           Boot ID: 6a4bb71e9a4e4928a89755fcec6f9525
    Virtualization: vmware
  Operating System: Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS
            Kernel: Linux 5.11.0-25-generic
      Architecture: x86-64
root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# 

二：配置Ubuntu操作系统的网络问题

设置静态IP地址

root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# vim /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml 
root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# cat /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml 
network:
        version: 2
        ethernets:
                ens33:
                        addresses: [192.168.80.146/24]
                        gateway4: 192.168.80.2
                        dhcp4: no
                        nameservers:
                                addresses: [8.8.8.8,114.114.114.114]
root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# netplan apply #应用配置(以便生效)，必要时重启管理工具
root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# /etc/init.d/networking restart #重启网卡
Restarting networking (via systemctl): networking.service.
 
root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# ip a | grep ens33
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    inet 192.168.80.146/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global ens33
root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# 
 

设置动态IP地址

root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# vim /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml 
root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# cat /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml 
network:
        version: 2
        ethernets:
                ens33:
                        #addresses: [192.168.80.146/24]
                        # gateway4: 192.168.80.2
                        dhcp4: yes
                        #nameservers:
                        # addresses: [8.8.8.8,114.114.114.114]
root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# netplan apply 
root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# /etc/init.d/networking restart
Restarting networking (via systemctl): networking.service.
root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# ip a | grep ens33
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    inet 192.168.80.146/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global dynamic ens33
root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# 

三：配置Ubuntu操作系统的yum仓库

root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# vim /etc/apt/sources.list
root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
 
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
 
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-security universe
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse
 
 
root@hehao-virtual-machine:~# apt-get update   #更新源
命中:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
获取:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease [114 kB]                                       
命中:1 https://archive.ubuntukylin.com/ubuntukylin focal-partner InRelease                                     
获取:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease [108 kB]
命中:3 https://archive.ubuntukylin.com/ubuntukylin focal InRelease
获取:6 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease [114 kB]
获取:7 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 Packages [2,126 kB]
获取:8 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main i386 Packages [728 kB]
获取:9 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main Translation-en [376 kB]
获取:10 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 c-n-f Metadata [16.0 kB]
获取:11 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [1,301 kB]
获取:12 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-updates/restricted Translation-en [185 kB]
获取:13 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 Packages [962 kB]
获取:14 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe i386 Packages [694 kB]
获取:15 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe Translation-en [219 kB]
获取:16 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [21.6 kB]
获取:17 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-security/main i386 Packages [498 kB]
获取:18 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-security/main amd64 Packages [1,752 kB]
获取:19 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-security/main Translation-en [293 kB]
获取:20 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-security/main amd64 c-n-f Metadata [11.1 kB]
获取:21 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-security/restricted amd64 Packages [1,212 kB]
获取:22 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-security/restricted Translation-en [172 kB]
获取:23 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-security/universe amd64 Packages [735 kB]
获取:24 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-security/universe i386 Packages [564 kB]
获取:25 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-security/universe Translation-en [135 kB]
获取:26 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu focal-security/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [15.1 kB]
已下载 12.4 MB，耗时 2秒 (6,222 kB/s)                         
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
root@hehao-virtual-machine:~#