zookeeper之安全认证和实际应用_zk认证

1 zk的安全认证

1.1 zookeeper的ACL

ACL（Access Control List），Zookeeper作为一个分布式协调框架，其内部存储的都是一些关乎分布式系统运行时状态的元数据，尤其是设计到一些分布式锁，Master选举和协调等应用场景。我们需要有效地保障Zookeeper中的数据安全，zookeeper提供一套完善的ACL权限控制机制来保障数据的安全
ZK提供了三种模式：权限模式，权限对象，权限

• 权限模式： Scheme，开发人员使用最多的如下四种权限模式：
  ip：ip模式通过地址粒度来进行权限控制，例如配置了：ip：192.168.126.131即表示权限控制都是针对这个ip地址的，同时也支持按网段分配，比如：192.168.126.*
Digest：digest是最常用的权限控制模式，也更符合我们对权限控制的认识，其类似于username：password形式的权限标识进行权限配置，ZK会对形成的权限标识先后进行两次编码处理，分别是SHA-1加密算法、Base64编码
  World：World是一种最开放的权限控制模式，这种模式可看做为特殊的digest，它仅仅是一个标识而已
  Super：超级用户模式，在超级用户模式下可以对ZK进行任意操作
• 权限对象：指的是权限赋予的用户或者一个指定的实体，例如ip地址或机器等，在不同的模式下，授权对象是不同的，这种模式和权限对象一一对应
• 权限：指那些通过权限检测后可以被允许执行的操作，在ZK中，对数据的操作权限可以分为五大类：
  CREATE,DELETE,READ,WRITE,ADMIN

1.2 代码说明

/**
 * Zookeeper 节点授权
 * @author（alienware）
 * @since 2015-6-14
 */
public class ZookeeperAuth implements Watcher {

	/** 连接地址 */
	final static String CONNECT_ADDR = "192.168.80.88:2181";
	/** 测试路径 */
	final static String PATH = "/testAuth";
	final static String PATH_DEL = "/testAuth/delNode";
	/** 认证类型 */
	final static String authentication_type = "digest";
	/** 认证正确方法 */
	final static String correctAuthentication = "123456";
	/** 认证错误方法 */
	final static String badAuthentication = "654321";
	
	static ZooKeeper zk = null;
	/** 计时器 */
	AtomicInteger seq = new AtomicInteger();
	/** 标识 */
	private static final String LOG_PREFIX_OF_MAIN = "【Main】";
	
	private CountDownLatch connectedSemaphore = new CountDownLatch(1);
	
	@Override
	public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
		try {
			Thread.sleep(200);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		if (event==null) {
			return;
		}
		// 连接状态
		KeeperState keeperState = event.getState();
		// 事件类型
		EventType eventType = event.getType();
		// 受影响的path
		String path = event.getPath();
		
		String logPrefix = "【Watcher-" + this.seq.incrementAndGet() + "】";

		System.out.println(logPrefix + "收到Watcher通知");
		System.out.println(logPrefix + "连接状态:\t" + keeperState.toString());
		System.out.println(logPrefix + "事件类型:\t" + eventType.toString());
		if (KeeperState.SyncConnected == keeperState) {
			// 成功连接上ZK服务器
			if (EventType.None == eventType) {
				System.out.println(logPrefix + "成功连接上ZK服务器");
				connectedSemaphore.countDown();
			} 
		} else if (KeeperState.Disconnected == keeperState) {
			System.out.println(logPrefix + "与ZK服务器断开连接");
		} else if (KeeperState.AuthFailed == keeperState) {
			System.out.println(logPrefix + "权限检查失败");
		} else if (KeeperState.Expired == keeperState) {
			System.out.println(logPrefix + "会话失效");
		}
		System.out.println("--------------------------------------------");
	}
	/**
	 * 创建ZK连接
	 * 
	 * @param connectString
	 *            ZK服务器地址列表
	 * @param sessionTimeout
	 *            Session超时时间
	 */
	public void createConnection(String connectString, int sessionTimeout) {
		this.releaseConnection();
		try {
			zk = new ZooKeeper(connectString, sessionTimeout, this);
			//添加节点授权
			zk.addAuthInfo(authentication_type,correctAuthentication.getBytes());
			System.out.println(LOG_PREFIX_OF_MAIN + "开始连接ZK服务器");
			//倒数等待
			connectedSemaphore.await();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 关闭ZK连接
	 */
	public void releaseConnection() {
		if (this.zk!=null) {
			try {
				this.zk.close();
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 
	 * <B>方法名称：</B>测试函数<BR>
	 * <B>概要说明：</B>测试认证<BR>
	 * @param args
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		
		ZookeeperAuth testAuth = new ZookeeperAuth();
		testAuth.createConnection(CONNECT_ADDR,2000);
		List<ACL> acls = new ArrayList<ACL>(1);
		for (ACL ids_acl : Ids.CREATOR_ALL_ACL) {
			acls.add(ids_acl);
		}

		try {
			zk.create(PATH, "init content".getBytes(), acls, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
			System.out.println("使用授权key：" + correctAuthentication + "创建节点："+ PATH + ", 初始内容是: init content");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		try {
			zk.create(PATH_DEL, "will be deleted! ".getBytes(), acls, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
			System.out.println("使用授权key：" + correctAuthentication + "创建节点："+ PATH_DEL + ", 初始内容是: init content");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

		// 获取数据
		getDataByNoAuthentication();
		getDataByBadAuthentication();
		getDataByCorrectAuthentication();

		// 更新数据
		updateDataByNoAuthentication();
		updateDataByBadAuthentication();
		updateDataByCorrectAuthentication();

		// 删除数据
		deleteNodeByBadAuthentication();
		deleteNodeByNoAuthentication();
		deleteNodeByCorrectAuthentication();
		//
		Thread.sleep(1000);
		
		deleteParent();
		//释放连接
		testAuth.releaseConnection();
	}
	/** 获取数据：采用错误的密码 */
	static void getDataByBadAuthentication() {
		String prefix = "[使用错误的授权信息]";
		try {
			ZooKeeper badzk = new ZooKeeper(CONNECT_ADDR, 2000, null);
			//授权
			badzk.addAuthInfo(authentication_type,badAuthentication.getBytes());
			Thread.sleep(2000);
			System.out.println(prefix + "获取数据：" + PATH);
			System.out.println(prefix + "成功获取数据：" + badzk.getData(PATH, false, null));
		} catch (Exception e) {
			System.err.println(prefix + "获取数据失败，原因：" + e.getMessage());
		}
	}

	/** 获取数据：不采用密码 */
	static void getDataByNoAuthentication() {
		String prefix = "[不使用任何授权信息]";
		try {
			System.out.println(prefix + "获取数据：" + PATH);
			ZooKeeper nozk = new ZooKeeper(CONNECT_ADDR, 2000, null);
			Thread.sleep(2000);
			System.out.println(prefix + "成功获取数据：" + nozk.getData(PATH, false, null));
		} catch (Exception e) {
			System.err.println(prefix + "获取数据失败，原因：" + e.getMessage());
		}
	}

	/** 采用正确的密码 */
	static void getDataByCorrectAuthentication() {
		String prefix = "[使用正确的授权信息]";
		try {
			System.out.println(prefix + "获取数据：" + PATH);
			
			System.out.println(prefix + "成功获取数据：" + zk.getData(PATH, false, null));
		} catch (Exception e) {
			System.out.println(prefix + "获取数据失败，原因：" + e.getMessage());
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 更新数据：不采用密码
	 */
	static void updateDataByNoAuthentication() {

		String prefix = "[不使用任何授权信息]";

		System.out.println(prefix + "更新数据： " + PATH);
		try {
			ZooKeeper nozk = new ZooKeeper(CONNECT_ADDR, 2000, null);
			Thread.sleep(2000);
			Stat stat = nozk.exists(PATH, false);
			if (stat!=null) {
				nozk.setData(PATH, prefix.getBytes(), -1);
				System.out.println(prefix + "更新成功");
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			System.err.println(prefix + "更新失败，原因是：" + e.getMessage());
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 更新数据：采用错误的密码
	 */
	static void updateDataByBadAuthentication() {

		String prefix = "[使用错误的授权信息]";

		System.out.println(prefix + "更新数据：" + PATH);
		try {
			ZooKeeper badzk = new ZooKeeper(CONNECT_ADDR, 2000, null);
			//授权
			badzk.addAuthInfo(authentication_type,badAuthentication.getBytes());
			Thread.sleep(2000);
			Stat stat = badzk.exists(PATH, false);
			if (stat!=null) {
				badzk.setData(PATH, prefix.getBytes(), -1);
				System.out.println(prefix + "更新成功");
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			System.err.println(prefix + "更新失败，原因是：" + e.getMessage());
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 更新数据：采用正确的密码
	 */
	static void updateDataByCorrectAuthentication() {

		String prefix = "[使用正确的授权信息]";

		System.out.println(prefix + "更新数据：" + PATH);
		try {
			Stat stat = zk.exists(PATH, false);
			if (stat!=null) {
				zk.setData(PATH, prefix.getBytes(), -1);
				System.out.println(prefix + "更新成功");
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			System.err.println(prefix + "更新失败，原因是：" + e.getMessage());
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 不使用密码 删除节点
	 */
	static void deleteNodeByNoAuthentication() throws Exception {

		String prefix = "[不使用任何授权信息]";

		try {
			System.out.println(prefix + "删除节点：" + PATH_DEL);
			ZooKeeper nozk = new ZooKeeper(CONNECT_ADDR, 2000, null);
			Thread.sleep(2000);
			Stat stat = nozk.exists(PATH_DEL, false);
			if (stat!=null) {
				nozk.delete(PATH_DEL,-1);
				System.out.println(prefix + "删除成功");
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			System.err.println(prefix + "删除失败，原因是：" + e.getMessage());
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 采用错误的密码删除节点
	 */
	static void deleteNodeByBadAuthentication() throws Exception {

		String prefix = "[使用错误的授权信息]";

		try {
			System.out.println(prefix + "删除节点：" + PATH_DEL);
			ZooKeeper badzk = new ZooKeeper(CONNECT_ADDR, 2000, null);
			//授权
			badzk.addAuthInfo(authentication_type,badAuthentication.getBytes());
			Thread.sleep(2000);
			Stat stat = badzk.exists(PATH_DEL, false);
			if (stat!=null) {
				badzk.delete(PATH_DEL, -1);
				System.out.println(prefix + "删除成功");
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			System.err.println(prefix + "删除失败，原因是：" + e.getMessage());
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 使用正确的密码删除节点
	 */
	static void deleteNodeByCorrectAuthentication() throws Exception {

		String prefix = "[使用正确的授权信息]";

		try {
			System.out.println(prefix + "删除节点：" + PATH_DEL);
			Stat stat = zk.exists(PATH_DEL, false);
			if (stat!=null) {
				zk.delete(PATH_DEL, -1);
				System.out.println(prefix + "删除成功");
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			System.out.println(prefix + "删除失败，原因是：" + e.getMessage());
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 使用正确的密码删除节点
	 */
	static void deleteParent() throws Exception {
		try {
			Stat stat = zk.exists(PATH_DEL, false);
			if (stat == null) {
				zk.delete(PATH, -1);
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}
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2 zk的实际应用

2.1 在eclipse中添加工具

在eclipse中添加zookeeper管理工具：zookeeperBrowser ，其地址：http://www.massedynamic.org/eclipse/updates/
希望zookeeper对分布式系统的配置文件进行管理，也就是说多个服务器进行watcher，zookeeper节点发生变化，则我们实时更新配置文件，我们要完成多个应用服务器注册watcher，然后去实现实时观察数据的变化，然后反馈给媒体服务器变更的数据信息，观察zookeeper节点

2.2 代码说明

2.2.1 服务器端

public class ZKWatcher implements Watcher {

	/** zk变量 */
	private ZooKeeper zk = null;
	
	/** 父节点path */
	static final String PARENT_PATH = "/super";
	
	/** 信号量设置，用于等待zookeeper连接建立之后 通知阻塞程序继续向下执行 */
	private CountDownLatch connectedSemaphore = new CountDownLatch(1);
	
	private List<String> cowaList = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
	
	
	/** zookeeper服务器地址 */
	public static final String CONNECTION_ADDR = "192.168.80.88:2181,192.168.80.87:2181,192.168.80.86:2181";
	/** 定义session失效时间 */
	public static final int SESSION_TIMEOUT = 30000;
	
	public ZKWatcher() throws Exception{
		zk = new ZooKeeper(CONNECTION_ADDR, SESSION_TIMEOUT, this);
		System.out.println("开始连接ZK服务器");
		connectedSemaphore.await();
	}


	@Override
	public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
		// 连接状态
		KeeperState keeperState = event.getState();
		// 事件类型
		EventType eventType = event.getType();
		// 受影响的path
		String path = event.getPath();
		System.out.println("受影响的path : " + path);
		
		
		if (KeeperState.SyncConnected == keeperState) {
			// 成功连接上ZK服务器
			if (EventType.None == eventType) {
				System.out.println("成功连接上ZK服务器");
				connectedSemaphore.countDown();
				try {
					if(this.zk.exists(PARENT_PATH, false) == null){
						this.zk.create(PARENT_PATH, "root".getBytes(), Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);		 
					}
					List<String> paths = this.zk.getChildren(PARENT_PATH, true);
					for (String p : paths) {
						System.out.println(p);
						this.zk.exists(PARENT_PATH + "/" + p, true);
					}
				} catch (KeeperException | InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}		
			} 
			//创建节点
			else if (EventType.NodeCreated == eventType) {
				System.out.println("节点创建");
				try {
					this.zk.exists(path, true);
				} catch (KeeperException | InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			} 
			//更新节点
			else if (EventType.NodeDataChanged == eventType) {
				System.out.println("节点数据更新");
				try {
					//update nodes  call function
					this.zk.exists(path, true);
				} catch (KeeperException | InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			} 
			//更新子节点
			else if (EventType.NodeChildrenChanged == eventType) {
				System.out.println("子节点 ... 变更");
				try {
					List<String> paths = this.zk.getChildren(path, true);
					if(paths.size() >= cowaList.size()){
						paths.removeAll(cowaList);
						for(String p : paths){
							this.zk.exists(path + "/" + p, true);
							//this.zk.getChildren(path + "/" + p, true);
							System.out.println("这个是新增的子节点 : " + path + "/" + p);
							//add new nodes  call function
						}
						cowaList.addAll(paths);
					} else {
						cowaList = paths;
					}
					System.out.println("cowaList: " + cowaList.toString());
					System.out.println("paths: " + paths.toString());
					
				} catch (KeeperException | InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			} 
			//删除节点
			else if (EventType.NodeDeleted == eventType) {
				System.out.println("节点 " + path + " 被删除");
				try {
					//delete nodes  call function
					this.zk.exists(path, true);
				} catch (KeeperException | InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			else ;
		} 
		else if (KeeperState.Disconnected == keeperState) {
			System.out.println("与ZK服务器断开连接");
		} 
		else if (KeeperState.AuthFailed == keeperState) {
			System.out.println("权限检查失败");
		} 
		else if (KeeperState.Expired == keeperState) {
			System.out.println("会话失效");
		}
		else ;

		System.out.println("--------------------------------------------");
	}
}
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2.2.2 客户端一

public class Client1 {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
		
		ZKWatcher myWatcher = new ZKWatcher();
		Thread.sleep(100000000);
	}
}
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2.2.3 客户端二

public class Client2 {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
		
		ZKWatcher myWatcher = new ZKWatcher();
		Thread.sleep(100000000);
	}
}
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2.2.4 测试端

public class Test {


	/** zookeeper地址 */
	static final String CONNECT_ADDR = "192.168.1.106:2181,192.168.1.107:2181,192.168.1.108:2181";
	/** session超时时间 */
	static final int SESSION_OUTTIME = 2000;//ms 
	/** 信号量，阻塞程序执行，用于等待zookeeper连接成功，发送成功信号 */
	static final CountDownLatch connectedSemaphore = new CountDownLatch(1);
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
		
		ZooKeeper zk = new ZooKeeper(CONNECT_ADDR, SESSION_OUTTIME, new Watcher(){
			@Override
			public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
				//获取事件的状态
				KeeperState keeperState = event.getState();
				EventType eventType = event.getType();
				//如果是建立连接
				if(KeeperState.SyncConnected == keeperState){
					if(EventType.None == eventType){
						//如果建立连接成功，则发送信号量，让后续阻塞程序向下执行
						connectedSemaphore.countDown();
						System.out.println("zk 建立连接");
					}
				}
			}
		});
		//进行阻塞
		connectedSemaphore.await();
		
//		//创建子节点
//		zk.create("/super/c1", "c1".getBytes(), Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
		//创建子节点
//		zk.create("/super/c2", "c2".getBytes(), Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
		//创建子节点
		zk.create("/super/c3", "c3".getBytes(), Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
		//创建子节点
//		zk.create("/super/c4", "c4".getBytes(), Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
		
//		zk.create("/super/c4/c44", "c44".getBytes(), Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
		
		//获取节点信息
//		byte[] data = zk.getData("/testRoot", false, null);
//		System.out.println(new String(data));
//		System.out.println(zk.getChildren("/testRoot", false));
		
		//修改节点的值
//		zk.setData("/super/c1", "modify c1".getBytes(), -1);
//		zk.setData("/super/c2", "modify c2".getBytes(), -1);
//		byte[] data = zk.getData("/super/c2", false, null);
//		System.out.println(new String(data));		
		
//		//判断节点是否存在
//		System.out.println(zk.exists("/super/c3", false));
//		//删除节点
//		zk.delete("/super/c3", -1);		
		zk.close();
	}
}
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