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从今天开始,博主将开设一门新的专栏用来讲解市面上比较热门的技术 “鸿蒙开发”,对于刚接触这项技术的小伙伴在学习鸿蒙开发之前,有必要先了解一下鸿蒙,从你的角度来讲,你认为什么是鸿蒙呢?它出现的意义又是什么?鸿蒙仅仅是一个手机操作系统吗?它的出现能够和Android和IOS三分天下吗?它未来的潜力能否制霸整个手机市场呢?
抱着这样的疑问和对鸿蒙开发的好奇,让我们开始今天对消息通知的掌握吧!
目录
在harmonyos当中提供了各种不同功能的通知来满足我们不同的业务需求,接下来我们首先开始对基础通知它的场景和实现方式进行讲解。
应用可以通过通知接口发送通知消息,提醒用户关注应用中的变化,用户可以在通知栏查看和操作通知内容。以下是基础通知的操作步骤:
1)导入 notification 模块:
import notificationManager from '@ohos.notificationManager';
2)发布通知:
- // 构建通知请求
- let request: notificationManager.NotificationRequest = {
- id: 10,
- content: { // 通知内容:... }
- }
- // 发布通知
- notificationManager.publish(request)
- .then(() => console.log('发布通知成功'))
- .catch(reason => console.log('发布通知失败', JSON.stringify((reason))))
通知的类型主要有以下四种:
类型枚举 | 说明 |
---|---|
NOTIFICATION_CONTENT_BASIC_TEXT | 普通文本型 |
NOTIFICATION_CONTENT_LONG_TEXT | 长文本型 |
NOTIFICATION_CONTENT_MULTILINE | 多行文本型 |
NOTIFICATION_CONTENT_PICTURE | 图片型 |
3)取消通知:
- // 取消指定id的通知
- notificationManager.cancel(10)
- // 取消当前应用所有通知
- notificationManager.calcelAll()
接下来对基础通知的四种通知类型进行简单的讲解,具体使用参数使用可在publish出悬停,然后点击查阅API参考进行查看:
这里将常用的参数 SlotType 进行简单讲解一下,其下面的具体参数可参考以下的表格:
类型枚举 | 说明 | 状态栏图标 | 提示音 | 横幅 |
---|---|---|---|---|
SOCIAL_COMMUNICATION | 社交类型 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
SERVICE_INFORMATION | 服务类型 | 是 | 是 | 否 |
CONTENT_INFORMATION | 内容类型 | 是 | 否 | 否 |
OTHER_TYPES | 其他 | 否 | 否 | 否 |
关于通知的消息需要在手机模拟器上才能显示,在本地预览器中是不能显示的:
- import notify from '@ohos.notificationManager'
- import image from '@ohos.multimedia.image'
- import { Header } from '../common/components/CommonComponents'
-
- @Entry
- @Component
- struct NotificationPage {
- // 全局任务id
- idx: number = 100
- // 图象
- pixel: PixelMap
-
- async aboutToAppear() {
- // 获取资源管理器
- let rm = getContext(this).resourceManager;
- // 读取图片
- let file = await rm.getMediaContent($r('app.media.watchGT4'))
- // 创建PixelMap
- image.createImageSource(file.buffer).createPixelMap()
- .then(value => this.pixel = value)
- .catch(reason => console.log('testTag', '加载图片异常', JSON.stringify(reason)))
- }
-
- build() {
- Column({space: 20}) {
- Header({title: '通知功能'})
-
- Button(`发送normalText通知`)
- .onClick(() => this.publishNormalTextNotification())
- Button(`发送longText通知`)
- .onClick(() => this.publishLongTextNotification())
- Button(`发送multiLine通知`)
- .onClick(() => this.publishMultiLineNotification())
- Button(`发送Picture通知`)
- .onClick(() => this.publishPictureNotification())
- }
- .width('100%')
- .height('100%')
- .padding(5)
- .backgroundColor('#f1f2f3')
- }
-
- // 普通文本发送
- publishNormalTextNotification() {
- let request: notify.NotificationRequest = {
- id: this.idx++,
- content: {
- contentType: notify.ContentType.NOTIFICATION_CONTENT_BASIC_TEXT,
- normal: {
- title: '通知标题' + this.idx,
- text: '通知内容详情',
- additionalText: '通知附加内容'
- }
- },
- showDeliveryTime: true,
- deliveryTime: new Date().getTime(),
- groupName: 'wechat',
- slotType: notify.SlotType.SOCIAL_COMMUNICATION
- }
- this.publish(request)
- }
-
- // 长文本发送
- publishLongTextNotification() {
- let request: notify.NotificationRequest = {
- id: this.idx++,
- content: {
- contentType: notify.ContentType.NOTIFICATION_CONTENT_LONG_TEXT,
- longText: {
- title: '通知标题' + this.idx,
- text: '通知内容详情',
- additionalText: '通知附加内容',
- longText: '通知中的长文本,我很长,我很长,我很长,我很长,我很长,我很长,我很长',
- briefText: '通知概要和总结',
- expandedTitle: '通知展开时的标题' + this.idx
- }
- }
- }
- this.publish(request)
- }
-
- // 多行文本发送
- publishMultiLineNotification() {
- let request: notify.NotificationRequest = {
- id: this.idx++,
- content: {
- contentType: notify.ContentType.NOTIFICATION_CONTENT_MULTILINE,
- multiLine: {
- title: '通知标题' + this.idx,
- text: '通知内容详情',
- additionalText: '通知附加内容',
- briefText: '通知概要和总结',
- longTitle: '展开时的标题,我很宽,我很宽,我很宽',
- lines: [
- '第一行',
- '第二行',
- '第三行',
- '第四行',
- ]
- }
- }
- }
- this.publish(request)
- }
-
- // 图片型文本发送
- publishPictureNotification() {
- let request: notify.NotificationRequest = {
- id: this.idx++,
- content: {
- contentType: notify.ContentType.NOTIFICATION_CONTENT_PICTURE,
- picture: {
- title: '通知标题' + this.idx,
- text: '通知内容详情',
- additionalText: '通知附加内容',
- briefText: '通知概要和总结',
- expandedTitle: '展开后标题' + this.idx,
- picture: this.pixel
- }
- }
- }
- this.publish(request)
- }
-
- private publish(request: notify.NotificationRequest) {
- notify.publish(request)
- .then(() => console.log('notify test', '发送通知成功'))
- .then(reason => console.log('notify test', '发送通知失败', JSON.stringify(reason)))
- }
- }

呈现的效果如下:
进度条通知会展示一个动态的进度条,主要用于文件下载,长任务处理的进度显示,下面是实现进度条的基本步骤:
1)判断当前系统是否支持进度条模板
- this.isSupport = await notify.isSupportTemplate('downloadTemplate')
- if(!this.isSupport) {
- return
- }
2)定义通知请求
- let template = {
- name: 'downloadTemplate', // 模板名称,必须是downloadTemplate
- data: {
- progressValue: this.progressValue, // 进度条当前进度
- progressMaxValue: this.progressMaxValue // 进度条的最大值
- }
- }
- let request: notify.NotificationRequest = {
- id: this.notificationId,
- template: template,
- wantAgent: this.wantAgentInstance,
- content: {
- contentType: notify.ContentType.NOTIFICATION_CONTENT_BASIC_TEXT,
- normal: {
- title: this.filename + ': ' + this.state,
- text: '',
- additionalText: this.progressValue + '%'
- }
- }
- }

接下来对进度条进行实现:
- import notify from '@ohos.notificationManager'
- import wantAgent, { WantAgent } from '@ohos.app.ability.wantAgent'
- import promptAction from '@ohos.promptAction'
-
- enum DownloadState {
- NOT_BEGIN = '未开始',
- DOWNLOADING = '下载中',
- PAUSE = '已暂停',
- FINISHED = '已完成',
- }
-
- @Component
- export default struct DownloadCard {
- // 下载进度
- @State progressValue: number = 0
- progressMaxValue: number = 100
- // 任务状态
- @State state: DownloadState = DownloadState.NOT_BEGIN
-
- // 下载的文件名
- filename: string = '圣诞星.mp4'
-
- // 模拟下载的任务的id
- taskId: number = -1
-
- // 通知id
- notificationId: number = 999
-
- isSupport: boolean = false
-
- async aboutToAppear(){
- // 判断当前系统是否支持进度条模板
- this.isSupport = await notify.isSupportTemplate('downloadTemplate')
- }
-
- build() {
- Row({ space: 10 }) {
- Image($r('app.media.ic_files_video')).width(50)
- Column({ space: 5 }) {
- Row() {
- Text(this.filename)
- Text(`${this.progressValue}%`).fontColor('#c1c2c1')
- }
- .width('100%')
- .justifyContent(FlexAlign.SpaceBetween)
-
- Progress({
- value: this.progressValue,
- total: this.progressMaxValue,
- })
-
- Row({ space: 5 }) {
- Text(`${(this.progressValue * 0.43).toFixed(2)}MB`)
- .fontSize(14).fontColor('#c1c2c1')
- Blank()
- if (this.state === DownloadState.NOT_BEGIN) {
- Button('开始').downloadButton()
- .onClick(() => this.download())
-
- } else if (this.state === DownloadState.DOWNLOADING) {
- Button('取消').downloadButton().backgroundColor('#d1d2d3')
- .onClick(() => this.cancel())
-
- Button('暂停').downloadButton()
- .onClick(() => this.pause())
-
- } else if (this.state === DownloadState.PAUSE) {
- Button('取消').downloadButton().backgroundColor('#d1d2d3')
- .onClick(() => this.cancel())
-
- Button('继续').downloadButton()
- .onClick(() => this.download())
- } else {
- Button('打开').downloadButton()
- .onClick(() => this.open())
- }
- }.width('100%')
- }
- .layoutWeight(1)
- }
- .width('100%')
- .borderRadius(20)
- .padding(15)
- .backgroundColor(Color.White)
- }
-
-
- cancel() {
- // 取消定时任务
- if(this.taskId > 0){
- clearInterval(this.taskId);
- this.taskId = -1
- }
- // 清理下载任务进度
- this.progressValue = 0
- // 标记任务状态:未开始
- this.state = DownloadState.NOT_BEGIN
- // 取消通知
- notify.cancel(this.notificationId)
- }
-
- download() {
- // 清理旧任务
- if(this.taskId > 0){
- clearInterval(this.taskId);
- }
- // 开启定时任务,模拟下载
- this.taskId = setInterval(() => {
- // 判断任务进度是否达到100
- if(this.progressValue >= 100){
- // 任务完成了,应该取消定时任务
- clearInterval(this.taskId)
- this.taskId = -1
- // 并且标记任务状态为已完成
- this.state = DownloadState.FINISHED
- // 发送通知
- this.publishDownloadNotification()
- return
- }
- // 模拟任务进度变更
- this.progressValue += 2
- // 发送通知
- this.publishDownloadNotification()
- }, 500)
- // 标记任务状态:下载中
- this.state = DownloadState.DOWNLOADING
- }
-
- pause() {
- // 取消定时任务
- if(this.taskId > 0){
- clearInterval(this.taskId);
- this.taskId = -1
- }
- // 标记任务状态:已暂停
- this.state = DownloadState.PAUSE
- // 发送通知
- this.publishDownloadNotification()
- }
-
- open() {
- promptAction.showToast({
- message: '功能未实现'
- })
- }
-
- publishDownloadNotification(){
- // 1.判断当前系统是否支持进度条模板
- if(!this.isSupport){
- // 当前系统不支持进度条模板
- return
- }
- // 2.准备进度条模板的参数
- let template = {
- name: 'downloadTemplate', // 模板名称,必须是downloadTemplate
- data: {
- progressValue: this.progressValue, // 进度条当前进度
- progressMaxValue: this.progressMaxValue // 进度条的最大值
- }
- }
- let request: notify.NotificationRequest = {
- id: this.notificationId,
- template: template,
- content: {
- contentType: notify.ContentType.NOTIFICATION_CONTENT_BASIC_TEXT,
- normal: {
- title: this.filename + ': ' + this.state,
- text: '',
- additionalText: this.progressValue + '%'
- }
- }
- }
- // 3.发送通知
- notify.publish(request)
- .then(() => console.log('test', '通知发送成功'))
- .catch(reason => console.log('test', '通知发送失败!', JSON.stringify(reason)))
- }
- }
-
- @Extend(Button) function downloadButton() {
- .width(75).height(28).fontSize(14)
- }

最终呈现的效果如下:
我们可以给通知或者其中的按钮设置的行为意图(Want),从而实现拉起应用组件或发布公共事件的能力,下面是其实现的步骤:
- // 创建wantInfo信息
- let wantInfo: wantAgent.WantAgentInfo = {
- wants: [
- {
- deviceId: '', // 设备的id
- bundleName: 'com.example.myapplication', // 应用唯一标识
- abilityName: 'EntryAbility',
- action: '',
- entities: [],
- }
- ],
- requestCode: 0,
- operationType: wantAgent.OperationType.START_ABILITY,
- wantAgentFlags: [wantAgent.WantAgentFlags.CONSTANT_FLAG]
- }
- // 创建wantAgent实例
- this.wantAgentInstance = await wantAgent.getWantAgent(wantInfo)
- // 通知请求
- let request: notify.NotificationRequest = {
- id: this.notificationId,
- template: template,
- wantAgent: this.wantAgentInstance, // 设置通知意图
- content: {
- //
- }
- }

通过上面的案例,我们给下载的进度条添加通知意图,让其下载的通知点击后跳转到下载页面,其实现的代码如下:
- import notify from '@ohos.notificationManager'
- import wantAgent, { WantAgent } from '@ohos.app.ability.wantAgent'
- import promptAction from '@ohos.promptAction'
-
- enum DownloadState {
- NOT_BEGIN = '未开始',
- DOWNLOADING = '下载中',
- PAUSE = '已暂停',
- FINISHED = '已完成',
- }
-
- @Component
- export default struct DownloadCard {
- // 下载进度
- @State progressValue: number = 0
- progressMaxValue: number = 100
- // 任务状态
- @State state: DownloadState = DownloadState.NOT_BEGIN
-
- // 下载的文件名
- filename: string = '圣诞星.mp4'
-
- // 模拟下载的任务的id
- taskId: number = -1
-
- // 通知id
- notificationId: number = 999
-
- isSupport: boolean = false
-
- wantAgentInstance: WantAgent
-
- async aboutToAppear(){
- // 1.判断当前系统是否支持进度条模板
- this.isSupport = await notify.isSupportTemplate('downloadTemplate')
- // 2.创建拉取当前应用的行为意图
- // 2.1.创建wantInfo信息
- let wantInfo: wantAgent.WantAgentInfo = {
- wants: [
- {
- bundleName: 'com.example.myapplication',
- abilityName: 'EntryAbility',
- }
- ],
- requestCode: 0,
- operationType: wantAgent.OperationType.START_ABILITY,
- wantAgentFlags: [wantAgent.WantAgentFlags.CONSTANT_FLAG]
- }
- // 2.2.创建wantAgent实例
- this.wantAgentInstance = await wantAgent.getWantAgent(wantInfo)
- }
-
- build() {
- Row({ space: 10 }) {
- Image($r('app.media.ic_files_video')).width(50)
- Column({ space: 5 }) {
- Row() {
- Text(this.filename)
- Text(`${this.progressValue}%`).fontColor('#c1c2c1')
- }
- .width('100%')
- .justifyContent(FlexAlign.SpaceBetween)
-
- Progress({
- value: this.progressValue,
- total: this.progressMaxValue,
- })
-
- Row({ space: 5 }) {
- Text(`${(this.progressValue * 0.43).toFixed(2)}MB`)
- .fontSize(14).fontColor('#c1c2c1')
- Blank()
- if (this.state === DownloadState.NOT_BEGIN) {
- Button('开始').downloadButton()
- .onClick(() => this.download())
-
- } else if (this.state === DownloadState.DOWNLOADING) {
- Button('取消').downloadButton().backgroundColor('#d1d2d3')
- .onClick(() => this.cancel())
-
- Button('暂停').downloadButton()
- .onClick(() => this.pause())
-
- } else if (this.state === DownloadState.PAUSE) {
- Button('取消').downloadButton().backgroundColor('#d1d2d3')
- .onClick(() => this.cancel())
-
- Button('继续').downloadButton()
- .onClick(() => this.download())
- } else {
- Button('打开').downloadButton()
- .onClick(() => this.open())
- }
- }.width('100%')
- }
- .layoutWeight(1)
- }
- .width('100%')
- .borderRadius(20)
- .padding(15)
- .backgroundColor(Color.White)
- }
-
-
- cancel() {
- // 取消定时任务
- if(this.taskId > 0){
- clearInterval(this.taskId);
- this.taskId = -1
- }
- // 清理下载任务进度
- this.progressValue = 0
- // 标记任务状态:未开始
- this.state = DownloadState.NOT_BEGIN
- // 取消通知
- notify.cancel(this.notificationId)
- }
-
- download() {
- // 清理旧任务
- if(this.taskId > 0){
- clearInterval(this.taskId);
- }
- // 开启定时任务,模拟下载
- this.taskId = setInterval(() => {
- // 判断任务进度是否达到100
- if(this.progressValue >= 100){
- // 任务完成了,应该取消定时任务
- clearInterval(this.taskId)
- this.taskId = -1
- // 并且标记任务状态为已完成
- this.state = DownloadState.FINISHED
- // 发送通知
- this.publishDownloadNotification()
- return
- }
- // 模拟任务进度变更
- this.progressValue += 2
- // 发送通知
- this.publishDownloadNotification()
- }, 500)
- // 标记任务状态:下载中
- this.state = DownloadState.DOWNLOADING
- }
-
- pause() {
- // 取消定时任务
- if(this.taskId > 0){
- clearInterval(this.taskId);
- this.taskId = -1
- }
- // 标记任务状态:已暂停
- this.state = DownloadState.PAUSE
- // 发送通知
- this.publishDownloadNotification()
- }
-
- open() {
- promptAction.showToast({
- message: '功能未实现'
- })
- }
-
- publishDownloadNotification(){
- // 1.判断当前系统是否支持进度条模板
- if(!this.isSupport){
- // 当前系统不支持进度条模板
- return
- }
- // 2.准备进度条模板的参数
- let template = {
- name: 'downloadTemplate', // 模板名称,必须是downloadTemplate
- data: {
- progressValue: this.progressValue, // 进度条当前进度
- progressMaxValue: this.progressMaxValue // 进度条的最大值
- }
- }
- let request: notify.NotificationRequest = {
- id: this.notificationId,
- template: template,
- wantAgent: this.wantAgentInstance, // 设置通知意图
- content: {
- contentType: notify.ContentType.NOTIFICATION_CONTENT_BASIC_TEXT,
- normal: {
- title: this.filename + ': ' + this.state,
- text: '',
- additionalText: this.progressValue + '%'
- }
- }
- }
- // 3.发送通知
- notify.publish(request)
- .then(() => console.log('test', '通知发送成功'))
- .catch(reason => console.log('test', '通知发送失败!', JSON.stringify(reason)))
- }
- }
-
- @Extend(Button) function downloadButton() {
- .width(75).height(28).fontSize(14)
- }

呈现的效果如下:
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