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在Spring Boot中实现分布式事务管理
大家好,我是微赚淘客系统3.0的小编,是个冬天不穿秋裤,天冷也要风度的程序猿!
在微服务架构中,服务通常分布在不同的节点上,每个服务都有自己的数据库。由于业务逻辑的复杂性,可能需要在多个服务之间进行事务处理,这就引入了分布式事务的概念。本文将介绍如何在Spring Boot中实现分布式事务管理,确保数据的一致性和完整性。
分布式事务的挑战
在分布式系统中,事务的管理比单体应用复杂得多。主要挑战包括:
常用的分布式事务解决方案
本文将以Saga模式为例,介绍如何在Spring Boot中实现分布式事务管理。
环境准备
实现步骤
引入依赖
在pom.xml
文件中添加以下依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
配置数据库和消息队列
在application.properties
中配置数据库和RabbitMQ:
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/saga_db
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
编写业务逻辑
我们假设有两个服务:订单服务和库存服务。订单服务在创建订单时需要调用库存服务来扣减库存。
订单实体和仓库实体:
package cn.juwatech.order.entity; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id; @Entity public class Order { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Long id; private String productCode; private Integer quantity; private String status; // Getters and Setters } package cn.juwatech.inventory.entity; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id; @Entity public class Inventory { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Long id; private String productCode; private Integer availableQuantity; // Getters and Setters }
订单服务和库存服务的Repository接口:
package cn.juwatech.order.repository; import cn.juwatech.order.entity.Order; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; public interface OrderRepository extends JpaRepository<Order, Long> { } package cn.juwatech.inventory.repository; import cn.juwatech.inventory.entity.Inventory; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; public interface InventoryRepository extends JpaRepository<Inventory, Long> { Inventory findByProductCode(String productCode); }
实现Saga事务管理
package cn.juwatech.order.service; import cn.juwatech.order.entity.Order; import cn.juwatech.order.repository.OrderRepository; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; @Service public class OrderService { @Autowired private OrderRepository orderRepository; @Autowired private InventoryService inventoryService; @Transactional public void createOrder(Order order) { order.setStatus("PENDING"); orderRepository.save(order); inventoryService.reserveInventory(order.getProductCode(), order.getQuantity()); order.setStatus("COMPLETED"); orderRepository.save(order); } public void cancelOrder(Order order) { order.setStatus("CANCELLED"); orderRepository.save(order); inventoryService.releaseInventory(order.getProductCode(), order.getQuantity()); } }
package cn.juwatech.inventory.service; import cn.juwatech.inventory.entity.Inventory; import cn.juwatech.inventory.repository.InventoryRepository; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class InventoryService { @Autowired private InventoryRepository inventoryRepository; public void reserveInventory(String productCode, int quantity) { Inventory inventory = inventoryRepository.findByProductCode(productCode); if (inventory.getAvailableQuantity() < quantity) { throw new RuntimeException("Insufficient inventory"); } inventory.setAvailableQuantity(inventory.getAvailableQuantity() - quantity); inventoryRepository.save(inventory); } public void releaseInventory(String productCode, int quantity) { Inventory inventory = inventoryRepository.findByProductCode(productCode); inventory.setAvailableQuantity(inventory.getAvailableQuantity() + quantity); inventoryRepository.save(inventory); } }
package cn.juwatech.order.listener; import cn.juwatech.order.entity.Order; import cn.juwatech.order.service.OrderService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class OrderListener { @Autowired private OrderService orderService; @RabbitListener(queues = "order.queue") public void onOrderEvent(Order order) { try { orderService.createOrder(order); } catch (Exception e) { orderService.cancelOrder(order); } } }
配置消息队列
在application.properties
中添加以下配置:
spring.rabbitmq.template.default-receive-queue=order.queue
总结
本文详细介绍了如何在Spring Boot中实现分布式事务管理。我们通过Saga模式,将订单服务和库存服务的事务操作结合起来,确保在分布式系统中实现数据的一致性和完整性。通过消息队列和事务管理,我们构建了一个可靠的分布式事务管理系统。
本文著作权归聚娃科技微赚淘客系统开发者团队,转载请注明出处!
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