ubuntu下vscode+STM32CubeMX+openocd+stlinkv2搭建STM32开发调试下载环境

1、换源

清华源

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
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复制上边内容进行修改

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
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换源后，更新当前的源

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
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2、下载相关软件

下载deb版本

sudo dpki -i 下载的VScode deb文件
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安装插件

3、STM32CubeMX安装

STM32CubeMX



给他增加图标到菜单

vim /usr/share/applications/stm32CubeMX.desktop
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[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=STM32CubeMX
Comment=STM32 Development Environment
Encoding=UTF-8
StartupNotify=true
Terminal=false
Categories=Development;java;c;c++;
icon= ##########图标的路径,自己找一个就行
Exec= #########可执行文件的路径
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3.1 新建一个点灯的小程序

一定一定记得这个，要不后期调试和下载报错

4 arm-none-eabi交叉编译工具安装

arm-none-eabi

解压后将bin文件夹加入PATH

vim ~/.bashrc
加入PATH=你的路径:$PATH
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source ~/.bashrc
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验证是否成功

arm-none-eabi-gcc --version
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arm-none-eabi-gdb --version
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如果这里你的GDB有问题，请一定要解决。我碰到了缺少 error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5，解决方法参考

5、安装gdbserver

wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gdb/gdb-14.2.tar.xz

tar -xvf gdb-14.2.tar.xz

./configure

make

sudo make install
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6、安装openocd

sudo apt-get install build-essential pkg-config autoconf automake libtool libusb-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev libhidapi-dev

sudo apt-get install libtool libsysfs-dev

git clone git://git.code.sf.net/p/openocd/code openocd

cd openocd

./bootstrap

./configure 

make

sudo make install
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如果这里bootstrap阶段，告诉你子模块出错，碰到EOF提前结束，说明子模块下载失败，可以按照如下修改

vim .gitmodules
修改其子模块地址，可以去gitee上找镜像拉取，我这里jimtcl报错
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6.1验证是否成功

openocd --version
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7、STLink安装

依赖安装

sudo apt-get install libusb-1.0

sudo apt-get install cmake

sudo apt-get install libgtk-3-dev
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git clone https://github.com/stlink-org/stlink

cd stlink

cmake .

make

cd bin

sudo cp st-* /usr/local/bin

cd ../lib

sudo cp *.so* /lib32

sudo cp config/udev/rules.d/49-stlinkv* /etc/udev/rules.d/

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验证是否成功

lsusb
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7.1

安装界面化烧录工具
ubuntu deb下载地址

sudo dpkg -i 你的下载文件.deb
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8、进入Vscode进行点灯

在main.c的while（1）中加入

HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_7, 1);
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点击vscode的调试，添加配置，选择

{
    // 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。 
    // 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。
    // 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
            "executable": "./build/你的项目生成的文件.elf",
            "name": "Debug with OpenOCD",
            "request": "launch",
            "type": "cortex-debug",
            "servertype": "openocd",
            "configFiles": [
                "/usr/share/openocd/scripts/interface/stlink-v2-1.cfg",
                "/usr/share/openocd/scripts/target/stm32f1x.cfg"
            ],
            "searchDir": [],
            "runToEntryPoint": "main",
            "showDevDebugOutput": "none"
        }
    ]
}
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需要修改的是executable，变成你的elf文件
configFiles，变成你的stlink-v2-1.cfg（STLink驱动），stm32f1x.cfg（和你开发板型号有关）文件的地址，具体的可以查看

/usr/share/openocd/scripts/interface/stlink-v2-1.cfg
/usr/share/openocd/scripts/target/stm32f1x.cfg
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进入终端，输入

make
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即可编译。当然你也可以配置tasks.json

{
    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "build",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "make",
            "problemMatcher": [],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            }
        },
        
    ]
}
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9、下载烧录

1. 命令行烧录

st-flash write 你生成的hex文件 0x8000000
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2. UI界面烧录
   

3. 配置tasks.json进行烧录

{
    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "build",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "make",
            "problemMatcher": [],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            }
        },
        {
            "label": "download",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "st-flash write 你生成的hex文件 0x8000000"
        }
    ]
}
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10、调试

如果你卡在 IMPORTANT: Set “showDevDebugOutput”: “raw” in “launch.json” to see verbose GDB transactions here. Very helpful to debug issues or report problems
的话，很大可能是你的arm-none-eabi-gdb出错了，可以尝试看看

arm-none-eabi-gdb -v
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一切路径不能有中文，有中文很容易报错.OK，差不多就这样，折腾了两个晚上，记录一下，坑比较多，很少有写Ubuntu在STM32开发的