摘要:在验收测试框架Fitneese中,使用Scenario可以把最常用的测试步骤封装起来,从而达到模块化定义Fitnesse测试用例的能力。但Scenario仅限于封装Script测试步骤,Script实例要先创建,然后才能调用;Scenario也不能封装Table。本文后半部分展示修改Fitneese代码,扩展Scenario的封装范围。
首先普及一下概念,什么是Fitnesse,听一听.NET版Cucumber的创始人Aslak Hellesøy谈Fitnesse与Cucumber对比:
FIT/Fitnesse和Cucumber都执行高级语言编写的验收测试。FIT仅识别HTML,Fitnesse则通过提供Wiki语法来简化编写测试的过程。在FIT/Fitnesse当中,所有的测试都以表格的形式呈现。
FitNesse比Cucumber的优势在于Wiki支持。
原文链接:http://www.infoq.com/cn/news/2009/11/interview-cucumber-for-dotnet
1.Scenario是什么
Fitneese的SliM UserGuide中介绍了 Scenario
原文是这么介绍Scenario的:
A Scenario table is a table that can be called from other tables; namely Script Table and Decision Table.
The format of a Scenario table is the same as the format of a Script Table, but with a few differences. You can see a Scenario table in action here.
Scenario是一种Table,可以被Script Table 和 Decision Table调用。
由此很多人都对Scenario报了很大的期望,希望能用Scenario模块化封装测试步骤。
2.Scenario能力展示
下面是我结合Script示例和Scenario示例写的一个Scenario演示用例:
wiki文本:
- !define TEST_SYSTEM {slim}
- !path classes
-
- |import|
- |fitnesse.slim.test|
-
- !4 定义scenario checkLogin: 登录并检查结果
- | scenario | checkLogin | u || p || ensure || logged |
- | @{ensure} | login with username | @{u} | and password | @{p} |
- | check @{logged} | login message | @{u} logged in. |
- | show | number of login attempts |
-
- !4 创建script实例,后面调用scenario都是针对这个实例
- | script | login dialog driver | Bob | xyzzy |
-
- !4 Invoking a scenario from a !-DecisionTable-!
- | checkLogin |
- | u | p | ensure | logged |
- | Bob | xyzzy | ensure | |
- | Bob | zzyxx | reject | not |
- | Cat | xyzzy | reject | not |
-
- !4 Invoking a scenario from a !-ScriptTable-!
- | script |
- | checkLogin | Bob || zzyxx || reject || not |
- | checkLogin | Bob || xyzzy || ensure || |
-
- !4 script原示例
- | script | login dialog driver | Bob | xyzzy |
- | login with username | Bob | and password | xyzzy |
- | check | login message | Bob logged in. |
- | reject | login with username | Bob | and password | bad password |
- | check | login message | Bob not logged in. |
- | check not | login message | Bob logged in. |
- | ensure | login with username | Bob | and password | xyzzy |
- | note | this is a comment |
- | show | number of login attempts |
- | $symbol= | login message |
-
- The fixture for this table is:{{{public class LoginDialogDriver {
- private String userName;
- private String password;
- private String message;
- private int loginAttempts;
- public LoginDialogDriver(String userName, String password) {
- this.userName = userName;
- this.password = password;
- }
- public boolean loginWithUsernameAndPassword(String userName, String password) {
- loginAttempts++;
- boolean result = this.userName.equals(userName) && this.password.equals(password);
- if (result)
- message = String.format("%s logged in.", this.userName);
- else
- message = String.format("%s not logged in.", this.userName);
- return result;
- }
- public String loginMessage() {
- return message;
- }
- public int numberOfLoginAttempts() {
- return loginAttempts;
- }
- } }}}
测试用例页面:
点击Test执行后:
展开DecisionTable调用Scenario的测试结果:
展开ScriptTable调用Scenario的测试结果:
至此,我们看到Scenario可以把Script步骤封装起来,取个模块名,然后使用DecisionTable或ScriptTable调用。
3.Scenario的局限
请注意调用Scenario前的这一行:
目的是在调用Scenario前先创建好Script实例。
如果去掉这一句,再执行,是这样的结果:
再尝试一下,把创建Script实例的语句塞到Scenario中:
- !4 定义scenario checkLogin: 登录并检查结果
- | scenario | checkLogin | u || p || ensure || logged |
- | script | login dialog driver | Bob | xyzzy | <--这是新加的创建Script实例的语句
- | @{ensure} | login with username | @{u} | and password | @{p} |
- | check @{logged} | login message | @{u} logged in. |
- | show | number of login attempts |
保存后执行测试:
4.不满意怎么办?
我还想使用Scenario封装TableTable,比如RestFixture定义的TableTable,
国外最著名的软件开发问答网站stackoverflow.com也在问:
Can I make a scenario of RestFixture table in fitnesse?, or is there another way to make reusable components?
我准备修改Fitneese代码,使得Scenario能直接封装ScriptTable和TableTable,请往下看……
5.修改ScenarioTable.java,使Scenario能直接封装ScriptTable
Scenario的源代码在目录D:\git\FitnesseKit\fitnesse\src\fitnesse\testsystems\slim\tables下:
打开ScenarioTable.java后,关键代码是Scenario的参数@xxx是怎么替换的:
- @Override
- public String substitute(String content) throws SyntaxError {
- for (Map.Entry<String, String> scenarioArgument : scenarioArguments.entrySet()) {
- String arg = scenarioArgument.getKey();
- if (getInputs().contains(arg)) {
- String argument = scenarioArguments.get(arg);
- content = StringUtil.replaceAll(content, "@" + arg, argument);
- content = StringUtil.replaceAll(content, "@{" + arg + "}", argument);
- } else {
- throw new SyntaxError(String.format("The argument %s is not an input to the scenario.", arg));
- }
- }
- return content;
- }
- });
增加两行打印System.out.println:
- @Override
- public String substitute(String content) throws SyntaxError {
- + System.out.println("ScenarioTable.call.substitute <<<<<<<<<< content:" + content);
- for (Map.Entry<String, String> scenarioArgument : scenarioArguments.entrySet()) {
- String arg = scenarioArgument.getKey();
- if (getInputs().contains(arg)) {
- String argument = scenarioArguments.get(arg);
- content = StringUtil.replaceAll(content, "@" + arg, argument);
- content = StringUtil.replaceAll(content, "@{" + arg + "}", argument);
- } else {
- throw new SyntaxError(String.format("The argument %s is not an input to the scenario.", arg));
- }
- }
- + System.out.println("ScenarioTable.call.substitute >>>>>>>>>> content:" + content);
- return content;
- }
在D:\git\FitnesseKit\fitnesse\src\fitnesse\testsystems\slim\tables\SlimTable.java的构造函数SlimTable中增加一行打印:
- public SlimTable(Table table, String id, SlimTestContext testContext) {
- + System.out.println("SlimTable.SlimTable table:"+table);
- this.id = id;
- this.table = table;
- this.testContext = testContext;
- tableName = getTableType() + "_" + id;
- }
目的是查看每次启动的测试Table,比如一次import,一次ScriptTable,一次DecisionTable,一次TableTable,等等。
使用命令ant compile重新编译Fitnesse,并输入ant run重新启动Fitneese:
D:\git\FitnesseKit\fitnesse>ant compile
...
D:\git\FitnesseKit\fitnesse>ant run
再次运行刚刚失败的测试,现在看命令行打印:
- [java] ScenarioTable.call.substitute <<<<<<<<<< content:<table>
- [java] <tr>
- [java] <td>scenario</td>
- [java] <td>checkLogin</td>
- [java] <td>u</td>
- [java] <td></td>
- [java] <td>p</td>
- [java] <td></td>
- [java] <td>ensure</td>
- [java] <td></td>
- [java] <td>logged</td>
- [java] </tr>
- [java] <tr>
- [java] <td>Script</td>
- [java] <td>login dialog driver</td>
- [java] <td>Bob</td>
- [java] <td colspan="6">xyzzy</td>
- [java] </tr>
- [java] <tr>
- [java] <td>@{ensure}</td>
- [java] <td>login with username</td>
- [java] <td>@{u}</td>
- [java] <td>and password</td>
- [java] <td colspan="5">@{p}</td>
- [java] </tr>
- [java] <tr>
- [java] <td>check @{logged}</td>
- [java] <td>login message</td>
- [java] <td colspan="7">@{u} logged in.</td>
- [java] </tr>
- [java] <tr>
- [java] <td>show</td>
- [java] <td colspan="8">number of login attempts</td>
- [java] </tr>
- [java] </table>
- [java] ScenarioTable.call.substitute >>>>>>>>>> content:<table>
- [java] <tr>
- [java] <td>scenario</td>
- [java] <td>checkLogin</td>
- [java] <td>u</td>
- [java] <td></td>
- [java] <td>p</td>
- [java] <td></td>
- [java] <td>ensure</td>
- [java] <td></td>
- [java] <td>logged</td>
- [java] </tr>
- [java] <tr>
- [java] <td>Script</td>
- [java] <td>login dialog driver</td>
- [java] <td>Bob</td>
- [java] <td colspan="6">xyzzy</td>
- [java] </tr>
- [java] <tr>
- [java] <td>ensure</td>
- [java] <td>login with username</td>
- [java] <td>Bob</td>
- [java] <td>and password</td>
- [java] <td colspan="5">xyzzy</td>
- [java] </tr>
- [java] <tr>
- [java] <td>check </td>
- [java] <td>login message</td>
- [java] <td colspan="7">Bob logged in.</td>
- [java] </tr>
- [java] <tr>
- [java] <td>show</td>
- [java] <td colspan="8">number of login attempts</td>
- [java] </tr>
- [java] </table>
- [java] SlimTable.SlimTable table:[[scenario,checkLogin,u,,p,,ensure,,logged],[Script, login dialog driver, Bob, xyzzy], [ensure, login with username, Bob, and password, xyzzy], [check , login message, Bob logged in.], [show, number of login attempts]]
再去运行一个没有被Scenario的封装的Script:
- | Script | login dialog driver | Bob | xyzzy |
- | ensure | login with username | Bob | and password | xyzzy |
- | check | login message | Bob logged in. |
- | show | number of login attempts |
命令行打印如下内容:
[java] SlimTable.SlimTable table:[[Script, login dialog driver, Bob, xyzzy], [ensure, login with username, Bob, and password, xyzzy], [check , login message, Bob logged in.], [show, number of login attempts]]
对比一下两种运行的打印:
[java] SlimTable.SlimTable table:[[scenario,checkLogin,u,,p,,ensure,,logged],[Script, login dialog driver, Bob, xyzzy], [ensure, login with username, Bob, and password, xyzzy], [check , login message, Bob logged in.], [show, number of login attempts]]
[java] SlimTable.SlimTable table:[[Script, login dialog driver, Bob, xyzzy], [ensure, login with username, Bob, and password, xyzzy], [check , login message, Bob logged in.], [show, number of login attempts]]
只要想办法在运行封装时,去掉[scenario,checkLogin,u,,p,,ensure,,logged],,说不定就可以了。
接下去,修改substitute函数:
- public String substitute(String content) throws SyntaxError {
- System.out.println("ScenarioTable.call.substitute <<<<<<<<<< content:" + content);
- + int trLeftFirstIndex = content.indexOf("<tr>");
- + int trRightFirstIndex = content.indexOf("</tr>");
- + int trLeftSecondIndex = content.indexOf("<tr>", trLeftFirstIndex + 1);
- + int trRightSecondIndex = content.indexOf("</tr>", trRightFirstIndex + 1);
- + int scriptIndex = content.toLowerCase().indexOf("<td>script</td>");
- + if(scriptIndex > trLeftSecondIndex && scriptIndex < trRightSecondIndex) {
- + StringBuffer removeFirstTr = new StringBuffer();
- + removeFirstTr.append(content.substring(0, trLeftFirstIndex));
- + removeFirstTr.append(content.substring(trRightFirstIndex + "</tr>".length()));
- + content = removeFirstTr.toString();
- + }
-
- for (Map.Entry<String, String> scenarioArgument : scenarioArguments.entrySet()) {
- String arg = scenarioArgument.getKey();
- if (getInputs().contains(arg)) {
- String argument = scenarioArguments.get(arg);
- content = StringUtil.replaceAll(content, "@" + arg, argument);
- content = StringUtil.replaceAll(content, "@{" + arg + "}", argument);
- } else {
- throw new SyntaxError(String.format("The argument %s is not an input to the scenario.", arg));
- }
- }
- System.out.println("ScenarioTable.call.substitute >>>>>>>>>> content:" + content);
- return content;
- }
再次编译,运行Fitneese:
耶,一击中的!
具体的代码在 git.oschina.net
6.尝试用Scenario封装TableTable
因为RestFixture是用TableTable实现的,所以我还想用Scenario封装TableTable,以便在使用RestFixture时,可以模块化组织测试步骤。
首先看一个TableTable例子:
- !define TEST_SYSTEM {slim}
-
- !path D:\git\FitnesseKit\RestFixture\target\dependencies\*
- !path D:\git\FitnesseKit\RestFixture\target\classes
- !path D:\git\FitnesseKit\RestFixture\extra\slf4j-simple-1.6.6.jar
-
- | import |
- | smartrics.rest.fitnesse.fixture |
-
- 获取开始时间
- | Table:Rest Fixture | http://localhost:${FITNESSE_PORT} |
- | let | begin | js | (new Date()).getTime() | |
-
- 调用某个服务,这里用 sleep 5秒 模拟
- | Table:Rest Fixture | http://localhost:${FITNESSE_PORT} |
- | let | sleepMiliSeconds | js | {{{
- var start = (new Date()).getTime();
- var now;
- do {
- now = (new Date()).getTime();
- } while(now - start < 5000);
- now - start }}} | |
-
- 获取结束时间
- | Table:Rest Fixture | http://localhost:${FITNESSE_PORT} |
- | let | end | js | (new Date()).getTime() | |
-
- 打印调用服务所花时间
- | Table:Rest Fixture | http://localhost:${FITNESSE_PORT} |
- | let | spendSeconds | js | (%end% - %begin%) / 1000 | |
测试结果是这样的:
本测试用例的主要目的是检查调用某个服务所花的时间,本例子是5秒。
接下去我想把上面的获取当前时间,调用服务,计算所花时间都写成Scenario,然后用Script调用Scenario,使测试步骤具有良好的可读性:
- !define TEST_SYSTEM {slim}
-
- !path D:\git\FitnesseKit\RestFixture\target\dependencies\*
- !path D:\git\FitnesseKit\RestFixture\target\classes
- !path D:\git\FitnesseKit\RestFixture\extra\slf4j-simple-1.6.6.jar
-
- | import |
- | smartrics.rest.fitnesse.fixture |
-
- 获取当前时间
- | scenario | getTime | _t |
- | Table:Rest Fixture | http://localhost:${FITNESSE_PORT} |
- | let | @{_t} | js | (new Date()).getTime() | |
-
- 计算所花时间
- | scenario | spendSeconds | _s || beginTime || endTime |
- | Table:Rest Fixture | http://localhost:${FITNESSE_PORT} |
- | let | @{_s} | js | (@{endTime} - @{beginTime}) / 1000 | |
-
- 调用某个服务,用sleep模拟
- | scenario | sleep | s |
- | Table:Rest Fixture | http://localhost:${FITNESSE_PORT} |
- | let | sleepMiliSeconds | js | {{{
- var start = (new Date()).getTime();
- do {
- var now = (new Date()).getTime();
- } while(now - start < @{s} * 1000);
- now - start }}} | |
-
- 打印调用某个服务所花时间
- | script |
- | getTime | begin |
- | sleep | 5 |
- | getTime | end |
- | spendSeconds | spend || %begin% || %end% |
测试结果是这样的:
保存内容是The instance scriptTableActor. does not exist,意思为从已定义的script中找不到。
修改ScenarioTable.java后,测试结果:
ScenarioTable.java的主要修改内容:
请到git.oschina.net具体查看。