stm32H库的内部FLASH读写操作与结构体数组数据写入与读取_stm32 flash 结构体

参考博主-STM32系列(HAL库)——内部FLASH读写实验

1.软硬件准备

软件：CubeMX、SSCOM（串口调试助手）

硬件：SMT32F103C8T6

2.关于STM32的Flash的一些说明

(1)STM32根据闪存（Flash）容量的大小，将Flash分为每页1K字节 或 每页2K字节。超过256K容量的每页为2K字节。对于本次使用的SMT32F103C8T6，其容量为64K，则内部分为每页1K字节

(2)SMT32的Flash起始地址为0X0800 0000 。本次使用的STM32F103C8T6的FLASH范围是0X08000000-0X0800FFFF。示意图如下

(3)STM32运行代码从地址0X0800 0000开始，所以我们使用的Flash空间开始地址应该往后偏移，不然就会将程序部分覆盖掉。

(4)Flash的写操作，需要擦除一整页后再重新写入，不能对特定处进行修改，写的时候可以分多次写入

(5)擦写次数较多数据的不建议使用内部Flash进行存储，手册中给的数据是擦写1W次

3.STM32配置及主要代码
CubeMX简单配置一个串口1即可，usart.c添加打印函数，即

#include "stdio.h"
 
/*********************************************************
*
*重定义 fputc 函数
*
*********************************************************/
int fputc(int ch,FILE *f)
{
	HAL_UART_Transmit (&huart1 ,(uint8_t *)&ch,1,HAL_MAX_DELAY );
	return ch;
}
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main.c
创建一个结构体FuyuState，结构体下的变量随便赋值后经过FLASH写入后，读出出该地址的值赋值给另外一个数值datatemp，再通过打印输出查看是否正确

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
  * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
  * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stmflash.h"
#include "stdio.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
const u8 TEXT_Buffer_1[]={"STM32 FLASH TEST_1"};//要写入到STM32 FLASH的字符串数组
const u8 TEXT_Buffer_2[]={"STM32 FLASH TEST_2"};//要写入到STM32 FLASH的字符串数组
#define SIZE sizeof(TEXT_Buffer_1)	 	//数组长度

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
typedef __packed struct
{
    u16   Set_Temperature;										//设置温度 = 保持温度
    u16   SetTime;														//设置时间
    u16   CurrentTemp[3];											//当前温度											
    u16   ProtectTemp[3];											//保护温度
    u16   Speed;
    u32   RemainTime;
    u16   Current;
    u16   PWM_Time;
    u8    ActiveState;
} FuyuState,*pFuyuState;

FuyuState           g_FuyuState= {0};


/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
u16 datatemp[20];  //Flash读取缓存数组
u16 *p=datatemp;	    //数组指针     
  /* USER CODE END 1 */
u8 i;
  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
   printf("串口打印正常!\r\n");
	 
	 
	//结构体变量赋值
	  g_FuyuState.Set_Temperature = 50;										//设置温度 = 保持温度
    g_FuyuState.SetTime = 2 ;						
		g_FuyuState.CurrentTemp[0] = 3 ;	
		g_FuyuState.CurrentTemp[1] = 4 ;	
		g_FuyuState.CurrentTemp[2] = 5 ;			
		g_FuyuState.ProtectTemp[0] = 6 ;	
		g_FuyuState.ProtectTemp[1] = 7 ;	
		g_FuyuState.ProtectTemp[2] = 8 ;			
    g_FuyuState.Speed = 5;
    g_FuyuState.RemainTime = 6;
    g_FuyuState.Current = 7;
    g_FuyuState.PWM_Time = 8;
    g_FuyuState.ActiveState = 9;

		STMFLASH_Write(FLASH_SAVE_ADDR,(uint16_t*)&g_FuyuState,sizeof(g_FuyuState));//第一次写
		HAL_Delay(50);

 
	 STMFLASH_Read(FLASH_SAVE_ADDR,(uint16_t*)datatemp,sizeof(g_FuyuState));
	 

		for(i=0;i<sizeof(g_FuyuState);i++)
		{
			printf("datatemp%d:%d\r\n",i,datatemp[i]);	
		}				 

	 
   
//STMFLASH_Write(FLASH_SAVE_ADDR,(u16*)TEXT_Buffer_1,SIZE);//第一次写读
//STMFLASH_Read(FLASH_SAVE_ADDR,(u16*)datatemp,SIZE);
//printf("%s\r\n",p);

//STMFLASH_Write(FLASH_SAVE_ADDR,(u16*)TEXT_Buffer_2,SIZE);//第二次写读    
//STMFLASH_Read(FLASH_SAVE_ADDR,(u16*)datatemp,SIZE);
//printf("%s\r\n",p);
    /* USER CODE END 2 */
  
  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

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stmflash.h

#ifndef __STMFLASH_H__
#define __STMFLASH_H__
#include "main.h"  
//=========================数据类型宏定义
#define u8 uint8_t
#define u16 uint16_t
#define u32 uint32_t
#define __IO    volatile 
typedef __IO uint16_t vu16;
 
//=========================用户根据自己的需要设置
#define STM32_FLASH_SIZE 	64 	 	//所选STM32的FLASH容量大小(单位为K)
    #if     STM32_FLASH_SIZE < 256      //设置扇区大小
    #define STM_SECTOR_SIZE     1024    //1K字节
    #else 
    #define STM_SECTOR_SIZE	    2048    //2K字节
    #endif	
#define STM32_FLASH_BASE    0x08000000 		//STM32 FLASH的起始地址
#define FLASH_SAVE_ADDR     STM32_FLASH_BASE+STM_SECTOR_SIZE*62	//写Flash的地址，这里从倒数第二页开始
#define STM32_FLASH_WREN 	1              	//使能FLASH写入(0，不是能;1，使能)
#define FLASH_WAITETIME  	50000          	//FLASH等待超时时间
 
 
 
 
u8 STMFLASH_GetStatus(void);				  //获得状态
u8 STMFLASH_WaitDone(u16 time);				  //等待操作结束
u8 STMFLASH_ErasePage(u32 paddr);			  //擦除页
u8 STMFLASH_WriteHalfWord(u32 faddr, u16 dat);//写入半字
u16 STMFLASH_ReadHalfWord(u32 faddr);		  //读出半字  
void STMFLASH_WriteLenByte(u32 WriteAddr,u32 DataToWrite,u16 Len);	//指定地址开始写入指定长度的数据
u32 STMFLASH_ReadLenByte(u32 ReadAddr,u16 Len);						//指定地址开始读取指定长度数据
void STMFLASH_Write(u32 WriteAddr,u16 *pBuffer,u16 NumToWrite);		//从指定地址开始写入指定长度的数据
void STMFLASH_Read(u32 ReadAddr,u16 *pBuffer,u16 NumToRead);   		//从指定地址开始读出指定长度的数据
void Flash_PageErase(uint32_t PageAddress);     //扇区擦除
						   
#endif
 
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stmflash.c

#include "stmflash.h"
 
FLASH_ProcessTypeDef p_Flash; 
u16 STMFLASH_BUF[STM_SECTOR_SIZE/2];    //缓存数组
 
 /**********************************************************************************
  * 函数功能: 读取指定地址的半字(16位数据) 
  * 输入参数: faddr：读地址
  * 返 回 值: 对应数据
  * 说    明： 
  */
u16 STMFLASH_ReadHalfWord(u32 faddr)
{
	return *(vu16*)faddr; 
}
 
#if STM32_FLASH_WREN	//如果使能了写   
 /**********************************************************************************
  * 函数功能:不检查的写入
  * 输入参数: WriteAddr:起始地址、pBuffer:数据指针、NumToWrite:半字(16位)数 
  * 返 回 值: 无
  * 说    明： 
  */
void STMFLASH_Write_NoCheck(u32 WriteAddr,u16 *pBuffer,u16 NumToWrite)   
{ 			 		 
	u16 i;
	for(i=0;i<NumToWrite;i++)
	{
		HAL_FLASH_Program(FLASH_TYPEPROGRAM_HALFWORD,WriteAddr,pBuffer[i]);
	    WriteAddr+=2;//地址增加2.
	}  
} 
 /**********************************************************************************
  * 函数功能:从指定地址开始写入指定长度的数据
  * 输入参数:WriteAddr:起始地址(此地址必须为2的倍数!!)、pBuffer:数据指针、NumToWrite：半字(16位)数(就是要写入的16位数据的个数.)
  * 返 回 值: 无
  * 说    明： 
  */
void STMFLASH_Write(u32 WriteAddr,u16 *pBuffer,u16 NumToWrite)	
{
	u32 secpos;	   //扇区地址
	u16 secoff;	   //扇区内偏移地址(16位字计算)
	u16 secremain; //扇区内剩余地址(16位字计算)	   
 	u16 i;    
	u32 offaddr;   //去掉0X08000000后的地址
	
	if(WriteAddr<STM32_FLASH_BASE||(WriteAddr>=(STM32_FLASH_BASE+1024*STM32_FLASH_SIZE)))return;//非法地址
	
	HAL_FLASH_Unlock();					    //解锁
	offaddr=WriteAddr-STM32_FLASH_BASE;		//实际偏移地址.
	secpos=offaddr/STM_SECTOR_SIZE;			//扇区地址  0~64 for STM32F103C8T6
	secoff=(offaddr%STM_SECTOR_SIZE)/2;		//在扇区内的偏移(2个字节为基本单位.)
	secremain=STM_SECTOR_SIZE/2-secoff;		//扇区剩余空间大小   
	if(NumToWrite<=secremain)secremain=NumToWrite;//不大于该扇区范围
	while(1) 
	{	
		STMFLASH_Read(secpos*STM_SECTOR_SIZE+STM32_FLASH_BASE,STMFLASH_BUF,STM_SECTOR_SIZE/2);//读出整个扇区的内容
		for(i=0;i<secremain;i++)	//校验数据
		{
			if(STMFLASH_BUF[secoff+i]!=0XFFFF)break;//需要擦除  	  
		}
		if(i<secremain)				//需要擦除
		{
			Flash_PageErase(secpos*STM_SECTOR_SIZE+STM32_FLASH_BASE);	//擦除这个扇区
			FLASH_WaitForLastOperation(FLASH_WAITETIME);            	//等待上次操作完成
			CLEAR_BIT(FLASH->CR, FLASH_CR_PER);							//清除CR寄存器的PER位，此操作应该在FLASH_PageErase()中完成！
																		//但是HAL库里面并没有做，应该是HAL库bug！
			for(i=0;i<secremain;i++)//复制
			{
				STMFLASH_BUF[i+secoff]=pBuffer[i];	  
			}
			STMFLASH_Write_NoCheck(secpos*STM_SECTOR_SIZE+STM32_FLASH_BASE,STMFLASH_BUF,STM_SECTOR_SIZE/2);//写入整个扇区  
		}else 
		{
			FLASH_WaitForLastOperation(FLASH_WAITETIME);       	//等待上次操作完成
			STMFLASH_Write_NoCheck(WriteAddr,pBuffer,secremain);//写已经擦除了的,直接写入扇区剩余区间. 
		}
		if(NumToWrite==secremain)break;//写入结束了
		else//写入未结束
		{
			secpos++;				//扇区地址增1
			secoff=0;				//偏移位置为0 	 
		   	pBuffer+=secremain;  	//指针偏移
			WriteAddr+=secremain*2;	//写地址偏移(16位数据地址,需要*2)	   
		   	NumToWrite-=secremain;	//字节(16位)数递减
			if(NumToWrite>(STM_SECTOR_SIZE/2))secremain=STM_SECTOR_SIZE/2;//下一个扇区还是写不完
			else secremain=NumToWrite;//下一个扇区可以写完了
		}	 
	};	
	HAL_FLASH_Lock();		//上锁
}
#endif
 /**********************************************************************************
  * 函数功能:从指定地址开始读出指定长度的数据
  * 输入参数:ReadAddr:起始地址、pBuffer:数据指针、NumToWrite:半字(16位)数
  * 返 回 值: 无
  * 说    明： 
  */
void STMFLASH_Read(u32 ReadAddr,u16 *pBuffer,u16 NumToRead)   	
{
	u16 i;
	for(i=0;i<NumToRead;i++)
	{
		pBuffer[i]=STMFLASH_ReadHalfWord(ReadAddr);//读取2个字节.
		ReadAddr+=2;//偏移2个字节.	
	}
}
 
 /**********************************************************************************
  * 函数功能:擦除扇区
  * 输入参数:PageAddress:擦除扇区地址
  * 返 回 值: 无
  * 说    明： 
  */
void Flash_PageErase(uint32_t PageAddress)
{
  /* Clean the error context */
  p_Flash.ErrorCode = HAL_FLASH_ERROR_NONE;
 
#if defined(FLASH_BANK2_END)
  if(PageAddress > FLASH_BANK1_END)
  { 
    /* Proceed to erase the page */
    SET_BIT(FLASH->CR2, FLASH_CR2_PER);
    WRITE_REG(FLASH->AR2, PageAddress);
    SET_BIT(FLASH->CR2, FLASH_CR2_STRT);
  }
  else
  {
#endif /* FLASH_BANK2_END */
    /* Proceed to erase the page */
    SET_BIT(FLASH->CR, FLASH_CR_PER);
    WRITE_REG(FLASH->AR, PageAddress);
    SET_BIT(FLASH->CR, FLASH_CR_STRT);
#if defined(FLASH_BANK2_END)
 
  }
#endif /* FLASH_BANK2_END */
  }
 
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3.实验结果