赞
踩
此示例是一个综合的示例,检测的是皮革纹理表面上出现的凸起、凹痕、划痕上的缺陷。使用的依然是光度立体法,只是不同的缺陷,需要使用的是不同参数所生成的图像。
示例代码如下:
- * 使用光度立体的方法检测皮革样品
-
- * Initialization
- dev_update_off ()
- dev_close_window ()
- dev_open_window (0, 0, 640, 480, 'black', WindowHandle)
- set_display_font (WindowHandle, 14, 'mono', 'true', 'false')
- Message := 'Inspect leather samples using photometric stereo'
- disp_message (WindowHandle, Message, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
- disp_continue_message (WindowHandle, 'black', 'true')
- stop ()
- *
- * Part 1
- *
- * Show input images with different illumination
- * 先显示并且输入同一图像在不同光照下的图像
- * 此缺陷检测,检测的是纹理凸起缺陷
-
- * 1. 一次性读入多个图像
- read_image (Images, 'photometric_stereo/leather_1_0' + [1:4])
- * 循环,一次选择一张图像
- for I := 1 to 4 by 1
- Message := 'Sample 1: Acquire image ' + I + ' of 4'
- select_obj (Images, ObjectSelected, I)
- dev_display (ObjectSelected)
- disp_message (WindowHandle, Message, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
- wait_seconds (0.5)
- endfor
- *
- *
- * Apply photometric stereo to determine the albedo
- Tilts := [6.1,95.0,-176.1,-86.8]
- Slants := [41.4,42.6,41.7,40.9]
- ResultType := ['gradient','albedo']
- * 2. 用该算子得到反照率图像和表面梯度图像
- photometric_stereo (Images, HeightField, Gradient, Albedo, Slants, Tilts, ResultType, 'poisson', [], [])
- *
- * Display the albedo image
- * 显示反照率图像
- dev_display (Albedo)
- disp_message (WindowHandle, 'The defect is clearly visible in the albedo image', 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
- disp_continue_message (WindowHandle, 'black', 'true')
- stop ()
- *
- * Detect defects
- * 3. 缺陷检测
- *
- * 该二值化处理有几个处理:均值处理->使用标准差进行二值化处理
- var_threshold (Albedo, Region, 15, 15, 0.2, 0.05, 'light')
- * 计算连通域,得到分隔开的连通域
- connection (Region, ConnectedRegions)
- * 以面积特征,特征直方图选择区域
- select_shape (ConnectedRegions, SelectedRegions, 'area', 'and', 10, 99999)
- * 联合,联合成一个区域
- union1 (SelectedRegions, RegionUnion)
- * 闭运算
- closing_circle (RegionUnion, RegionClosing, 3.5)
- * 计算连通域,得到分开的连通域
- connection (RegionClosing, Defects)
- * 计算得到区域面积和中心坐标
- area_center (Defects, Area, Row, Column)
- * 生成圆, 圈住缺陷部分
- gen_circle (Circle, Row, Column, gen_tuple_const(|Row|,sqrt(Area) + 30))
- * Display the defects
- dev_display (Albedo)
- dev_set_color ('red')
- dev_set_draw ('margin')
- dev_set_line_width (4)
- dev_display (Circle)
- disp_message (WindowHandle, 'Albedo image with defect', 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
- disp_continue_message (WindowHandle, 'black', 'true')
- stop ()
- *
- * Part 2
- *
- * Show input images with different illumination
- * 读入图像,一次读入多张在不同光照下的图像
- read_image (Images, 'photometric_stereo/leather_2_0' + [1:4])
- for I := 1 to 4 by 1
- Message := 'Sample 2: Acquire image ' + I + ' of 4'
- select_obj (Images, ObjectSelected, I)
- dev_display (ObjectSelected)
- disp_message (WindowHandle, Message, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
- wait_seconds (0.5)
- endfor
- *
- *
- * Apply photometric stereo to determine the albedo
- * 用该算子得到反照率图像和表面梯度图像
- photometric_stereo (Images, HeightField, Gradient, Albedo, Slants, Tilts, ResultType, 'poisson', [], [])
-
- * 二值化
- threshold (Albedo, Region1, 128, 255)
- *
- * Display the albedo image
- * 仅仅只使用二值化的方法处理反照率图像,并不能检测到缺陷区域
- dev_display (Albedo)
- Message := 'These defects are difficult to detect in the albedo image.'
- Message[1] := 'Therefore, we use the gradient information to detect them.'
- disp_message (WindowHandle, Message, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
- disp_continue_message (WindowHandle, 'black', 'true')
- stop ()
- *
- * Detect texture defects using gradient information.
- * We are looking for areas with little surface changes.
- * 使用梯度信息检测纹理缺陷,寻找表面变化很小的区域
- *
- * 获得高斯曲率图像
- derivate_vector_field (Gradient, Curl, 1, 'curl')
- derivate_gauss (Curl, CurlGradient, 1, 'gradient')
- *
- * Display changes of the curl of the gradient field
- dev_display (CurlGradient)
- Message := 'Changes in the gradient curl'
- disp_message (WindowHandle, Message, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
- disp_continue_message (WindowHandle, 'black', 'true')
- stop ()
- *
- * Detect texture defects
- * 如下代码检测纹理缺陷
- * 此处缺陷检测,检测的是纹理的凹痕
-
- * 对高斯曲率图像进行二值化处理
- threshold (CurlGradient, Region, 0, 0.01)
- * 选择区域
- rank_region (Region, RegionCount, 10, 10, 30)
- * 计算连通域,得到分隔开的连通域
- connection (RegionCount, ConnectedRegions)
- * 以面积特征,特征直方图选择区域
- select_shape (ConnectedRegions, SelectedRegions, 'area', 'and', 2000, 99999)
- * 联合,联合成一个区域
- union1 (SelectedRegions, RegionUnion)
- * 选择区域
- rank_region (RegionUnion, RegionCount1, 25, 25, 170)
- * 计算连通域,得到分隔开的连通域
- connection (RegionCount1, NoTextured)
- *
- * Display texture defects
- * 在反照率图像上显示选择的区域
- dev_display (Albedo)
- dev_set_draw ('margin')
- dev_set_color ('red')
- dev_set_line_width (3)
- dev_display (NoTextured)
- disp_message (WindowHandle, 'Non-textured areas on leather', 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
- stop ()
- *
- * Detect scratches using curvature information.
- * We are looking for areas with high curvature
- *
- * 使用曲率信息检测划痕,寻找高曲率区域
- *
- * 获得高斯曲率图像
- derivate_vector_field (Gradient, MeanCurvature, 1, 'mean_curvature')
- *
- * Display the mean curvature of the surface
- * 显示表面的平均曲率
- dev_display (MeanCurvature)
- Message := 'Mean curvature of the surface'
- disp_message (WindowHandle, Message, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
- disp_message (WindowHandle, 'Press F5', 'image', 720, 850, 'black', 'true')
- stop ()
- *
- * Detect scratches
- * 划痕检测
- * 此处缺陷检测,检测的是划痕
-
- * 计算绝对值图像 因为高斯曲率图像中曲率会有负数
- abs_image (MeanCurvature, ImageAbs)
- * 二值化处理
- threshold (ImageAbs, Region2, 0.15, 255)
- * 计算连通域,得到分隔开的连通域
- connection (Region2, ConnectedRegions1)
- * 以面积特征,特征直方图选择区域
- select_shape (ConnectedRegions1, SelectedRegions1, 'area', 'and', 10, 99999)
- * 联合,联合成一个区域
- union1 (SelectedRegions1, RegionUnion1)
- * 闭运算
- closing_circle (RegionUnion1, RegionClosing, 1.5)
- * 计算连通域,得到分隔开的连通域
- connection (RegionClosing, ConnectedRegions2)
- * 以最大直径特征,特征直方图选择区域
- select_shape (ConnectedRegions2, SelectedRegions2, 'max_diameter', 'and', 50, 99999)
- * 以灰度值选择区域
- select_gray (SelectedRegions2, MeanCurvature, SelectedRegions3, 'deviation', 'and', 0.2, 255)
- *
- * Display scratches
- * 在反照率图像显示抓痕
- dev_display (Albedo)
- dev_set_draw ('margin')
- dev_set_color ('red')
- dev_set_line_width (3)
- dev_display (SelectedRegions3)
- disp_message (WindowHandle, 'Deep scratch', 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')

重点说明:
1. 第一部分的检测,待检测的是皮革表面的凸起,该检测,直接使用的是反照率图像,进行预处理和Blob后,即可得到皮革凸起的缺陷。
2. 待检测的是皮革表面的凹痕和划痕,该检测,示例中先直接对反照率图像进行二值化之后,确认该方法无法完成对皮革表面缺陷的检测。
3. 第二部分的检测,待检测的是皮革表面的凹痕,先使用如下算子得到高斯曲率图像:
derivate_vector_field (Gradient, Curl, 1, 'curl')
derivate_gauss (Curl, CurlGradient, 1, 'gradient')
然后使用该高斯曲率图像Blob分析,即可得到皮革凹痕的缺陷。
4. 第三部分的检测,待检测的是皮革表面的划痕,先使用如下算子得到高斯曲率图像:
derivate_vector_field (Gradient, MeanCurvature, 1, 'mean_curvature')
然后使用该高斯曲率图像Blob分析,即可得到皮革划痕的缺陷。
5. 算子rank_region,使用一个Mask依次对待处理的整个区域过滤,选择需要的区域。
6. 算子select_gray,按照灰度值来选择区域。
更多最新文章,请关注公众号:
执行流程:
凸起反照率图像如下:
在反照率图像中标记处凸起缺陷:
凹痕反照率图像:
凹痕高斯曲率图像:
在反照率图像中标记处凹痕:
划痕的高斯曲率图像:
在反照率图像中标记处划痕:
Copyright © 2003-2013 www.wpsshop.cn 版权所有,并保留所有权利。