Linux监控平台介绍及Zabbix安装配置

作者：数据挖掘灵魂 | 2024-01-30 20:22:54

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alerter [connecting to the database]

2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>>

常见的开源监控软件

cacti、nagios、zabbix、smokeping、open-falcon
cacti、smokeping偏向于基础监控，成图非常漂亮
cacti、nagios、zabbix服务端监控中心，需要php环境支持，其中zabbix和cacti都需要mysql作为数据存储，nagios不用存储历史数据，注重服务或者监控项的状态，zabbix会获取服务或者监控项目的数据，会把数据记录到数据库里，从而可以成图
open-falcon为小米公司开发，开源后受到诸多大公司和运维工程师的追捧，适合大企业，滴滴、360、新浪微博、京东等大公司在使用这款监控软件，值得研究

zabbix 监控介绍

C/S架构，基于C++开发，监控中心支持web界面配置和管理
单个server节点可以支持上万台客户端
官方文档https://www.zabbix.com/manuals
5个组件
- zabbix-server 监控中心，接收客户端上报信息，负责配置、统计、操作数据
- 数据存储存放数据，比如mysql
- web界面也叫web UI，在web界面下操作配置是zabbix简单易用的主要原因
- zabbix-proxy 可选组件，它可以代替zabbix-server的功能，减轻server的压力
- zabbix-agent 客户端软件，负责采集各个监控服务或项目的数据，并上报

监控流程图

安装zabbix

在两台机器上安装，一台是服务端(test-a:192.168.77.134)，一台是客户端(centos0:192.168.77.129)。

第一步，服务端安装zabbix，导入数据，启动服务


[root@test-a ~]# wget https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/3.4/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-3.4-2.el7.noarch.rpm  # 下载不下来，就通过浏览器下载后上传
[root@test-a ~]# rpm -ivh zabbix-release-3.4-2.el7.noarch.rpm # 安装rpm
warning: zabbix-release-3.4-2.el7.noarch.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, key ID a14fe591: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:zabbix-release-3.4-2.el7         ################################# [100%]
   
[root@test-a ~]# yum install -y zabbix-agent zabbix-get zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web zabbix-web-mysql  # 安装相关的工具包
# zabbix-agent 客户端工具
# zabbix-get 服务端工具，获取客户端收集的相关监控数据  
# zabbix-server-mysql 服务端工具，和mysql相关的工具  
# zabbix-web 服务端工具，监控展示网页工具
# zabbix-web-mysql 服务端工具，网页与mysql相关的工具
 
# 创建zabbix的mysql库及用户，并导入初始数据
[root@test-a ~]# ps aux|grep mysql
root      2234  0.0  0.1 115436  1728 ?        S    08:46   0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqd_safe --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
mysql     2463  0.1 18.4 1117940 186076 ?      Sl   08:46   0:02 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/db.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid --socket=/usr/local/mysqlmysql.sock --port=3306
root      2777  0.0  0.0 112704   972 pts/0    S+   09:12   0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
# mysql 的配置需要添加character-set-server = utf8，使支持中文
[root@test-a ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> create database zabbix character set utf8; -- 创建库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec) 
 
mysql> grant all on zabbix.* to 'zabbix'@'127.0.0.1' identified by 'test111'; -- 添加用户及授权
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.30 sec)
 
mysql> quit
Bye
[root@test-a ~]# cd /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-3.4.15/
[root@test-a zabbix-server-mysql-3.4.15]# ls
AUTHORS  ChangeLog  COPYING  create.sql.gz  NEWS  README
[root@test-a zabbix-server-mysql-3.4.15]# cp create.sql.gz create.sql.gz.default # 备份一下
[root@test-a zabbix-server-mysql-3.4.15]# gzip -d create.sql.gz # 解压
[root@test-a zabbix-server-mysql-3.4.15]# ls
AUTHORS  ChangeLog  COPYING  create.sql  create.sql.gz.default  NEWS  README
[root@test-a zabbix-server-mysql-3.4.15]# mysql -uroot -ptest111 zabbix < create.sql # 导入数据，需要几秒导入
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
 
 
[root@test-a ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf  # 配置DBHost=127.0.0.1 和 DBPassword=test111，就是刚授权的ip及密码
[root@test-a ~]# systemctl start zabbix-server
[root@test-a ~]# ps -aux|grep zabbix
zabbix    3164 45.5  0.3 254608  4036 ?        R    09:35   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server -c /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
zabbix    3167  0.0  0.2 254608  2316 ?        S    09:35   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: configuration syncer [waiting 60 sec for processes]
zabbix    3168  0.0  0.2 254608  2320 ?        S    09:35   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: alerter [connecting to the database]
zabbix    3169  0.0  0.2 254608  2320 ?        S    09:35   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: alerter [connecting to the database]
zabbix    3170  0.0  0.2 254608  2320 ?        S    09:35   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: alerter [connecting to the database]
zabbix    3171  0.0  0.2 254608  2316 ?        S    09:35   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: housekeeper [startup idle for 30 minutes]
zabbix    3172  0.5  0.2 254608  2548 ?        S    09:35   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: timer #1 [processed 0 triggers, 0 events in 0.000000 sec, 0 maintenances in 0.000000 sec, idle 8 sec]
zabbix    3173  0.0  0.2 254604  2644 ?        S    09:35   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: http poller #1 [got 0 values in 0.104076 sec, idle 5 sec]
zabbix    3174  6.0  0.3 358328  3916 ?        D    09:35   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server -c /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
zabbix    3175  2.0  0.2 254604  2644 ?        S    09:35   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: history syncer #1 [synced 0 items in 0.000042 sec, idle 1 sec]
zabbix    3177  0.0  0.2 254604  2644 ?        S    09:35   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: history syncer #2 [synced 0 items in 0.000040 sec, idle 1 sec]
zabbix    3179  0.0  0.2 254604  2644 ?        S    09:35   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: history syncer #3 [synced 0 items in 0.000029 sec, idle 1 sec]
zabbix    3181  2.0  0.2 254604  2644 ?        S    09:35   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: history syncer #4 [synced 0 items in 0.000024 sec, idle 1 sec]
zabbix    3183  2.0  0.3 254608  3576 ?        S    09:35   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: escalator #1 [processed 0 escalations in 0.051954 sec, idle 3 sec]
zabbix    3185  3.0  0.3 254608  3580 ?        S    09:35   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: proxy poller #1 [exchanged data with 0 proxies in 0.000584 sec, idle 5 sec]
zabbix    3187  0.0  0.2 254608  2408 ?        S    09:35   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: self-monitoring [processed data in 0.000440 sec, idle 1 sec]
zabbix    3188  0.0  0.2 254608  2552 ?        S    09:35   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: task manager [started, idle 1 sec]
zabbix    3189  0.0  0.3 358328  3916 ?        R    09:35   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server -c /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
zabbix    3191  0.0  0.3 358328  3916 ?        D    09:35   0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server -c /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
root      3193  0.0  0.0 112704   972 pts/0    S+   09:35   0:00 grep --color=auto zabbix
[root@test-a ~]# netstat -ntlp # 查看zabbix的监听端口: 10051 说明启动成功，如果启动报错了，根据日志（/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log）解决问题
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2465/master         
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:2049            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -                   
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:10051           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      3164/zabbix_server  
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1/systemd           
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:44016           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -                   
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:20048           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1313/rpc.mountd     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:56497           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1231/rpc.statd      
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1214/sshd           
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      2465/master         
tcp6       0      0 :::51514                :::*                    LISTEN      1231/rpc.statd      
tcp6       0      0 :::2049                 :::*                    LISTEN      -                   
tcp6       0      0 :::10051                :::*                    LISTEN      3164/zabbix_server  
tcp6       0      0 :::55049                :::*                    LISTEN      -                   
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      2463/mysqld         
tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN      1/systemd           
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      2999/httpd          
tcp6       0      0 :::20048                :::*                    LISTEN      1313/rpc.mountd     
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1214/sshd

第二步，网页配置(server-ip/zabbix)
访问 http://192.168.77.134/zabbix，会出来安装界面

点击 next step，会发现有红色提示，那是因为php没有配置时区，早/etc/php.ini中配置date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai后，重启apache，重新刷新网页就没有提示了

然后输入mysql相关配置，点击next step安装完成啦

到登录页面输入默认账户admin，密码zabbix，登录

登录成功后，首先更改密码和系统语言

点Change password进行密码替换，下面的Language选择Chinese

刷新主页

zabbix服务名

第三步，客户端安装及配置启动


[root@centos0 ~]# rpm -ivh zabbix-release-3.4-2.el7.noarch.rpm 
警告：zabbix-release-3.4-2.el7.noarch.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, 密钥 ID a14fe591: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:zabbix-release-3.4-2.el7         ################################# [100%]
[root@centos0 ~]# yum install -y zabbix-agent
[root@centos0 ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf # 更改Server, ServerActive为对应的zabbix服务器IP, Hostname为对应的zabbix服务名称(不是主机名，web工具安装时配置的，不记得了可以在web里去找)  
 
[root@centos0 ~]# systemctl start zabbix-agent
[root@centos0 ~]# netstat -ntlp # 监听的端口是10050
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      3550/master         
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:10050           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      3989/zabbix_agentd  
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1/systemd           
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2599/sshd           
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      3550/master         
tcp6       0      0 :::10050                :::*                    LISTEN      3989/zabbix_agentd  
tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN      1/systemd           
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      2599/sshd

忘记了Zabbix web工具admin密码如何处理

进入mysql，选择zabbix库及users表，更改对应用户的密码即可，


[root@test-a logs]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 331
Server version: 5.7.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> use zabbix;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
 
Database changed
 
mysql> desc users;
+----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field          | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| userid         | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| alias          | varchar(100)        | NO   | UNI |         |       |
| name           | varchar(100)        | NO   |     |         |       |
| surname        | varchar(100)        | NO   |     |         |       |
| passwd         | char(32)            | NO   |     |         |       |
| url            | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
| autologin      | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
| autologout     | varchar(32)         | NO   |     | 15m     |       |
| lang           | varchar(5)          | NO   |     | en_GB   |       |
| refresh        | varchar(32)         | NO   |     | 30s     |       |
| type           | int(11)             | NO   |     | 1       |       |
| theme          | varchar(128)        | NO   |     | default |       |
| attempt_failed | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
| attempt_ip     | varchar(39)         | NO   |     |         |       |
| attempt_clock  | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
| rows_per_page  | int(11)             | NO   |     | 50      |       |
+----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
16 rows in set (0.31 sec)  
 
mysql> update users set passwd=md5('test111') where alias='Admin'; # 设置新密码为test111
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 0  Warnings: 0

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/996931/blog/2992780

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