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Linux的iproute2 : ip address ip route ip link 笔记221103_linux iproute2

作者：信息技术墨韵书生 | 2024-01-16 14:17:09

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linux iproute2

net-tools起源于BSD的TCP/IP工具箱，后来成为老版本Linux内核中配置网络功能的工具，但Linux社区自2001年起已对其停止维护。最新的Linux发行版，如Arch Linux、CentOS 7/8、RHEL 7及以后版本等已经完全抛弃net-tools，默认仅支持iproute2。
iproute2的出现旨在从功能上取代net-tools。



iproute2 最常用的3个命令

  • ip a等效ip address show : 查看ip地址
  • ip r 等效ip route show : 查看网关地址
  • ip link set 网络接口名 up 和 ip link set 网络接口名 down : 启用/禁用网络接口
ip address
查看ip地址 : ip addr 等效 ip address show 等效 ip a s 等同 ip a

ip address show
ip address sho
ip address sh
ip address s
ip address
ip addres
ip addre
ip addr
ip add
ip ad
ip a
ip a s
ip a sh
ip a sho
ip a show
ip ad show
ip add show
ip addr show
ip addre show
ip addres show
ip address show

root@ds10:~# ip address show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7e:5a:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.10.12.25/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.12.25.1/8 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7e:5a68/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@ds10:~# ip address sho
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7e:5a:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.10.12.25/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.12.25.1/8 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7e:5a68/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@ds10:~# ip address sh
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7e:5a:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.10.12.25/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.12.25.1/8 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7e:5a68/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@ds10:~# ip address s
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7e:5a:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.10.12.25/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.12.25.1/8 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7e:5a68/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@ds10:~# ip address
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7e:5a:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.10.12.25/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.12.25.1/8 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7e:5a68/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@ds10:~# ip addres
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7e:5a:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.10.12.25/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.12.25.1/8 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7e:5a68/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@ds10:~# ip addre
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7e:5a:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.10.12.25/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.12.25.1/8 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7e:5a68/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@ds10:~# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7e:5a:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.10.12.25/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.12.25.1/8 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7e:5a68/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@ds10:~# ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7e:5a:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.10.12.25/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.12.25.1/8 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7e:5a68/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@ds10:~# ip ad
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7e:5a:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.10.12.25/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.12.25.1/8 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7e:5a68/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@ds10:~# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7e:5a:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.10.12.25/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.12.25.1/8 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7e:5a68/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@ds10:~# ip a s
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7e:5a:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.10.12.25/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.12.25.1/8 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7e:5a68/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@ds10:~# ip a sh
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7e:5a:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.10.12.25/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.12.25.1/8 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7e:5a68/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@ds10:~# ip a sho
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7e:5a:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.10.12.25/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.12.25.1/8 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7e:5a68/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@ds10:~# ip a show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7e:5a:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.10.12.25/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.12.25.1/8 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7e:5a68/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@ds10:~# ip ad show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7e:5a:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.10.12.25/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.12.25.1/8 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7e:5a68/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@ds10:~# ip add show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7e:5a:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.10.12.25/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.12.25.1/8 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7e:5a68/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@ds10:~# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7e:5a:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.10.12.25/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.12.25.1/8 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7e:5a68/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@ds10:~# ip addre show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7e:5a:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.10.12.25/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.12.25.1/8 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7e:5a68/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@ds10:~# ip addres show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7e:5a:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.10.12.25/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.12.25.1/8 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7e:5a68/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@ds10:~# ip address show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7e:5a:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.10.12.25/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.12.25.1/8 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7e:5a68/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

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ip address add 临时指定ip

临时的IP地址重启就没了
例子

sudo ip address add 192.168.0.100/24 dev ens33
sudo ip addr add 192.168.0.100/24 dev ens33
sudo ip add add 192.168.0.100/24 dev ens33
sudo ip a add 192.168.0.100/24 dev ens33
sudo ip a a 192.168.100.100/24 dev ens33

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在Ubuntu22.04和Fedora37上测试通过,
address 和 add 都可以简写为a

sudo ip add add 192.168.6.6/24 dev ens33
sudo ip a a 192.168.8.8/24 dev ens33

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ip route

ip route 可简写为 ip r

查看网关地址 : ip r 等效 ip route 等效 ip route show

ip route show可写为:

  • ip route show
  • ip route sho
  • ip route sh
  • ip route s
  • ip route
  • ip rout
  • ip rou
  • ip ro
  • ip r
  • ip r s
  • ip r sh
  • ip r sho
  • ip r show
  • ip ro show
  • ip rou show
  • ip rout show
  • ip route show
ip route sh

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ip route s

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ip route

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ip rout

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ip rou

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ip ro

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ip r

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ip r s

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ip r sh

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ip r sho

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ip r show

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ip ro show

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ip rou show

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ip rout show

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ip route show

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例如:

root@ds10:~# ip r
default via 10.82.10.12 dev ens33 onlink
10.0.0.0/8 dev ens33 proto kernel scope link src 10.10.12.25
169.254.0.0/16 dev ens33 scope link metric 1000

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第一行, default via 后面的就是网关, via是:经由,通过,路过的意思


ip link
启用停用网络接口 : ip link set 网络接口名 up/down

ip link set ens33 up 可写为:

  • ip link set up ens33
  • ip lin set up ens33
  • ip li set up ens33
  • ip l set up ens33ip

ip link set ens33 down 可写为:

  • ip link set down ens33
  • ip lin set down ens33
  • ip li set down ens33
  • ip l set down ens33




ip 后面可接 link , address , route , rule , neigh , tunnel , maddr , mroute

link对象支持的命令：set、show。

addr对象支持的命令：add、del、flush、show。

route对象支持的命令：list、flush、get、add、del、change、append、replace、monitor。

rule对象支持的命令：list、add、del、flush。

neigh对象支持的命令：add、del、change、replace、show、flush。

tunnel对象支持的命令：add、change、del、show。

maddr支持的命令：add、del。

mroute支持的命令：show

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