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Python 面试：单元测试unit testing & 使用pytest
作者：算法设计者 | 2024-01-10 20:50:29
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Python 面试：单元测试unit testing & 使用pytest
1. 对于函数进行单元测试
calc.py
def add(x, y): """Add Function""" return x + y def subtract(x, y): """Subtract Function""" return x - y def multiply(x, y): """Multiply Function""" return x * y def divide(x, y): """Divide Function""" if y == 0: raise ValueError('Can not divide by zero!') return x / y
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test_calc.py
import unittest import calc class TestCalc(unittest.TestCase): def test_add(self): self.assertEqual(calc.add(10, 5), 15) self.assertEqual(calc.add(-1, 1), 0) self.assertEqual(calc.add(-1, -1), -2) def test_subtract(self): self.assertEqual(calc.subtract(10, 5), 5) self.assertEqual(calc.subtract(-1, 1), -2) self.assertEqual(calc.subtract(-1, -1), 0) def test_multiply(self): self.assertEqual(calc.multiply(10, 5), 50) self.assertEqual(calc.multiply(-1, 1), -1) self.assertEqual(calc.multiply(-1, -1), 1) def test_divide(self): self.assertEqual(calc.divide(10, 5), 2) self.assertEqual(calc.divide(-1, 1), -1) self.assertEqual(calc.divide(-1, -1), 1) self.assertRaises(ValueError, calc.divide, 10, 0) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main()
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2. 对于对象(object)进行单元测试
employee.py
class Employee: """A sample Employee class""" raise_amt = 1.05 def __init__(self, first, last, pay): self.first = first self.last = last self.pay = pay @property def email(self): return '{}.{}@email.com'.format(self.first, self.last) @property def fullname(self): return '{} {}'.format(self.first, self.last) def apply_raise(self): self.pay = int(self.pay * self.raise_amt)
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test_employee.py
import unittest from employee import Employee class TestEmployee(unittest.TestCase): @classmethod def setUpClass(cls): print('setupClass') @classmethod def tearDownClass(cls): print('teardownClass') def setUp(self): print('setUp') self.emp_1 = Employee('Elon', 'Musk', 50000) self.emp_2 = Employee('Sue', 'Smith', 60000) def tearDown(self): print('tearDown\n') def test_email(self): print('test_email') self.assertEqual(self.emp_1.email, 'Elon.Musk@email.com') self.assertEqual(self.emp_2.email, 'Sue.Smith@email.com') self.emp_1.first = 'John' self.emp_2.first = 'Jane' self.assertEqual(self.emp_1.email, 'John.Musk@email.com') self.assertEqual(self.emp_2.email, 'Jane.Smith@email.com') def test_fullname(self): print('test_fullname') self.assertEqual(self.emp_1.fullname, 'Elon Musk') self.assertEqual(self.emp_2.fullname, 'Sue Smith') self.emp_1.first = 'John' self.emp_2.first = 'Jane' self.assertEqual(self.emp_1.fullname, 'John Musk') self.assertEqual(self.emp_2.fullname, 'Jane Smith') def test_apply_raise(self): print('test_apply_raise') self.emp_1.apply_raise() self.emp_2.apply_raise() self.assertEqual(self.emp_1.pay, 52500) self.assertEqual(self.emp_2.pay, 63000) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main()
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输出为：
setupClass
setUp
test_apply_raise
tearDown
.setUp
test_email
tearDown
.setUp
test_fullname
tearDown
.teardownClass
Ran 3 tests in 0.001s
OK
3. 使用mock模拟对象库
employee.py
import requests class Employee: """A sample Employee class""" raise_amt = 1.05 def __init__(self, first, last, pay): self.first = first self.last = last self.pay = pay @property def email(self): return '{}.{}@email.com'.format(self.first, self.last) @property def fullname(self): return '{} {}'.format(self.first, self.last) def apply_raise(self): self.pay = int(self.pay * self.raise_amt) def monthly_schedule(self, month): response = requests.get(f'http://company.com/{self.last}/{month}') if response.ok: return response.text else: return 'Bad Response!'
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test_employee.py
import unittest from unittest.mock import patch from employee import Employee class TestEmployee(unittest.TestCase): @classmethod def setUpClass(cls): print('setupClass') @classmethod def tearDownClass(cls): print('teardownClass') def setUp(self): print('setUp') self.emp_1 = Employee('Elon', 'Musk', 50000) self.emp_2 = Employee('Sue', 'Smith', 60000) def tearDown(self): print('tearDown\n') # Test 1 def test_email(self): print('test_email') self.assertEqual(self.emp_1.email, 'Elon.Musk@email.com') self.assertEqual(self.emp_2.email, 'Sue.Smith@email.com') self.emp_1.first = 'John' self.emp_2.first = 'Jane' self.assertEqual(self.emp_1.email, 'John.Musk@email.com') self.assertEqual(self.emp_2.email, 'Jane.Smith@email.com') # Test 2 def test_fullname(self): print('test_fullname') self.assertEqual(self.emp_1.fullname, 'Elon Musk') self.assertEqual(self.emp_2.fullname, 'Sue Smith') self.emp_1.first = 'John' self.emp_2.first = 'Jane' self.assertEqual(self.emp_1.fullname, 'John Musk') self.assertEqual(self.emp_2.fullname, 'Jane Smith') # Test 3 def test_apply_raise(self): print('test_apply_raise') self.emp_1.apply_raise() self.emp_2.apply_raise() self.assertEqual(self.emp_1.pay, 52500) self.assertEqual(self.emp_2.pay, 63000) # Test 4 def test_monthly_schedule(self): # 模拟替换网络请求 with patch('employee.requests.get') as mocked_get: mocked_get.return_value.ok = True mocked_get.return_value.text = 'Success' schedule = self.emp_1.monthly_schedule('May') mocked_get.assert_called_with('http://company.com/Musk/May') self.assertEqual(schedule, 'Success') mocked_get.return_value.ok = False schedule = self.emp_2.monthly_schedule('June') mocked_get.assert_called_with('http://company.com/Smith/June') self.assertEqual(schedule, 'Bad Response!') if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main()
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输出为：
setupClass
setUp
test_apply_raise
tearDown
.setUp
test_email
tearDown
.setUp
test_fullname
tearDown
.setUp
tearDown
.teardownClass
Ran 4 tests in 0.001s
OK
4. 使用pytest进行测试
binarysearch.py，主要使用assert。
def binary_search(array, target): if not array: return -1 begin, end = 0, len(array) while begin < end: mid = begin + (end - begin) // 2 if array[mid] == target: return mid elif array[mid] > target: end = mid else: begin = mid + 1 return -1 def test(): assert binary_search([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 1) == 1 assert binary_search([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 6) == -1 assert binary_search([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5], -1) == -1 assert binary_search([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 0) == 0 assert binary_search([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 5) == 5 assert binary_search([0], 0) == 0 assert binary_search([], 1) == -1
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在CMD中输入指令：pytest binarysearch.py
输出为：
================================================= test session starts =================================================
platform win32 – Python 3.10.9, pytest-7.1.2, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: C:\Users\h13je\Working_Log\01092023\python_learning
plugins: anyio-3.5.0
collected 1 item
binarysearch.py . [100%]
================================================== 1 passed in 0.02s ==================================================
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