django+django-haystack+Whoosh(后期切换引擎为Elasticsearch+ik)+Jieba+mysql_django +whoosh

1.前提准备

环境介绍

• haystack是django的开源搜索框架，该框架支持Solr, Elasticsearch, Whoosh, *Xapian*搜索引擎，不用更改代码，直接切换引擎，减少代码量。

• 搜索引擎使用Whoosh，这是一个由纯Python实现的全文搜索引擎，没有二进制文件等，比较小巧，配置比较简单，当然性能自然略低。whoosh和xapian的性能差距还是比较明显。索引和搜索的速度有近4倍的差距，在full cache情况下的性能差距更是达到了60倍。

• 中文分词+，由于Whoosh自带的是英文分词，对中文的分词支持不是太好，故用jieba替换whoosh的分词组件。

• Elasticsearch：开源的搜索引擎，本文版本为7.6.0

• 其他：Python3.6.5, Django2.2 

安装环境

pip3 install django==2.2 -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple
pip3 install whoosh  -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple
pip3 install django-haystack -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple
pip3 install jieba -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple
pip3 install pymysql -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple
pip3 install elasticsearch==7.6.0 -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple/

项目结构

 - Project
   - Project
     - settings.py
   - blog
     - models.py

表结构

models.py

from django.db import models
 
 
class UserInfo(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(verbose_name='用户名', max_length=225)
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.username
 
 
class Tag(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name='标签名称', max_length=225)
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
 
 
class Article(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=225)
    content = models.CharField(verbose_name='内容', max_length=225)
    # 外键
    username = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='用户', to='UserInfo', on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
    tag = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='标签', to='Tag', on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

图解

本文优势

集全网的django+django-haystack+Whoosh的总结，取其精华，去其糟粕，加入了新的注解。

如果你想你的es或者Whoosh集成到django上，那你来对地方了

django+django-haystack+Whoosh+Jieba+mysql

1. setting.py配置

# 数据库配置
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'dj_ha',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'foobared',
        'HOST': '106.14.42.253',
        'PORT': '11111',
    }
}
# app
INSTALLED_APPS = [ 
          'haystack', 
]
# 本教程使用的是Whoosh，故配置如下
HAYSTACK_CONNECTIONS = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'haystack.backends.whoosh_backend.WhooshEngine',
        'PATH': os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'whoosh_index'),
    },
}
# 自动更新索引
HAYSTACK_SIGNAL_PROCESSOR = 'haystack.signals.RealtimeSignalProcessor'
# 设置每页显示的数目，默认为20，可以自己修改
HAYSTACK_SEARCH_RESULTS_PER_PAGE = 8

2. 为表模型创建索引，search_indexes.py

1. 如果你想针对某个app，例如blog做全文检索，则必须在blog的目录下面，建立search_indexes.py文件，文件名不能修改，必须叫search_indexes.py

from haystack import indexes
from .models import Article
 
 
# ArticleIndex：固定写法 表名Index
class ArticleIndex(indexes.SearchIndex, indexes.Indexable):
    # 固定写法  document=True：haystack和搜索引擎，将给text字段分词,建立索引,使用此字段的内容作为索引进行检索
    # use_template=True,使用自己的模板,与document=True进行搭配，自定义检索字段模板(允许谁可以被全文检索,就是谁被建立索引)
    text = indexes.CharField(document=True, use_template=True)
    # 以下字段作为辅助数据,便于调用,最后也不知道怎么辅助,我注释了,也不影响搜索
    # title：写入引擎的字段名,model_attr='title'：相对应的表模型字段名，
    title = indexes.CharField(model_attr='title')
    content = indexes.CharField(model_attr='content')
    username = indexes.CharField(model_attr='username')
    tag = indexes.CharField(model_attr='tag')
 
    def get_model(self):
        # 需要建立索引的模型
        return Article
 
    def index_queryset(self, using=None):
        """Used when the entire index for model is updated."""
        # 写入引擎的数据,必须返回queryset类型
        return self.get_model().objects.all()

3. 创建被检索的模板(允许谁可以全文检索)

这个数据模板的作用是对Article.title, Article.content,Article.username.username

这三个字段建立索引，当检索的时候会对这三个字段的内容，做全文检索匹配。

数据模板的路径为yourapp/templates/search/indexes/yourapp/note_text.txt，

例如本例子为blog/templates/search/indexes/blog/article_text.txt  文件名必须为要索引的小写模型类名_text.txt

{{ object.title }}
{{ object.content }}
{{ object.username.username }}

4. 路由

urls.py配置(用内置的视图，后期可以自定义，本文也有介绍)

# urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include, re_path
 
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # 配置的搜索路由，路由可以自定义，include('haystack.urls')固定
    re_path(r'^search/', include('haystack.urls')),
]

 haystack.urls的内容(内置的，只是我拉出来，让你看一下，不需要进行修改)

from django.urls import path
 
from haystack.views import SearchView
 
urlpatterns = [path("", SearchView(), name="haystack_search")]

5. search.html

SearchView()视图函数默认使用的html模板为当前app目录下，

路径为app名称，/templates/search/search.html

所以需要在blog/templates/search/下添加search.html文件，内容为

 search.html(原生)

<h2>Search</h2>
<style>
    span.highlighted {
        color: red;
    }
</style>
<!--高亮加载-->
{% load highlight %}
 
<form method="get" action=".">
    <table>
        <!-- 对象.as_table 生成表格,里边会自动成成input标签 -->
        {{ form.as_table }}
 
        {#        {{ form.title.label }}#}
        <tr>
            <td></td>
            <td>
                <input type="submit" value="Search">
            </td>
        </tr>
    </table>
 
    {% if query %}
        <h3>返回结果</h3>
 
        {% for result in page.object_list %}
            <!-- page.object_list:返回查询的一页数据 -->
            <!-- result:数据对象 -->
            <p>
                {#                <a href="{{ result.object.get_absolute_url }}">{{ result.object.title }}</a>#}
                <a href="{{ result.object.get_absolute_url }}">{% highlight result.object.title with query %}</a>
            </p>
            <span>
                {% highlight result.object.content with query %}
                {#                {{ result.object.content }}#}
            </span>
 
        {% empty %}
            <p>没有查询到结果！！！</p>
        {% endfor %}
 
 
        <!-- 分页 -->
        {% if page.has_previous or page.has_next %}
            <div>
                {% if page.has_previous %}<a href="?q={{ query }}&page={{ page.previous_page_number }}">{% endif %}«
                Previous{% if page.has_previous %}</a>{% endif %}
                |
                {% if page.has_next %}<a href="?q={{ query }}&page={{ page.next_page_number }}">{% endif %}Next »
                {% if page.has_next %}</a>{% endif %}
            </div>
        {% endif %}
    {% else %}
        {# Show some example queries to run, maybe query syntax, something else? #}
    {% endif %}
</form>

 后端返回数据介绍

# print(context)
        """
        {
        'query': '刘',
        'form': <ModelSearchForm bound=True, valid=True, fields=(q;models)>,
        'page': <Page 1 of 1>,
        'paginator': <django.core.paginator.Paginator object at 0x0000017D7E0F3470>,
        'suggestion': None}
        """
# print(context.get('page').__dict__)
        """
        {
        'object_list': 
            [
            <SearchResult: blog.article (pk=6)>, 
            <SearchResult: blog.article (pk=8)>, 
            <SearchResult: blog.article (pk=1)>
        ], 
        'number': 1, 
        'paginator': <django.core.paginator.Paginator object at 0x00000257C11A65C0>
        }
        """

前端返回数据介绍

{% load highlight %}：高亮加载 内置的会省略搜到的内容，之前的内容
{% load my_filters_and_tags %}：自定义高亮
form.as_table：生成表格,里边会自动成成input标签
query：查询的参数
page.object_list：返回的查询一页数据
result：数据对象集
result.object：当前查询的数据对象
page.has_previous or page.has_next：分页

6. 高亮配置 

# 7.高亮加载
<style>
    span.highlighted {
        color: red;
    }
</style>
            
# 1.使用默认值
{% highlight result.summary with query %}
# 案例
<a href="{{ result.object.get_absolute_url }}">
{% highlight result.object.title with query %}
</a>
            
# 2.这里我们为 {{ result.summary }}里所有的 {{ query }} 指定了一个<div></div>标签，并且将class设置为highlight_me_please，这样就可以自己通过CSS为{{ query }}添加高亮效果了，怎么样，是不是很科学呢
{% highlight result.summary with query html_tag "div" css_class "highlight_me_please" %}
 
# 3.这里可以限制最终{{ result.summary }}被高亮处理后的长度
{% highlight result.summary with query max_length 40 %}           
 
# 5.自定义使用(后面会介绍)
# 5.4格式
{% myhighlight <text_block> with <query> [css_class "class_name"] [html_tag "span"] [max_length 200] [start_head True] %}
# 5.2使用一
{% myhighlight result.object.content with query css_class "highlighted" html_tag "span" max_length 200 start_head True %}
# 5.3自定义二
{% myhighlight result.object.content with query css_class "highlighted" start_head True %}        

7.自定义

自定义返回内容

在app下新建一个文件名称search_views

# 重写SearchView，实现自定义内容
# blog/search_views.py
from haystack.views import SearchView
# 导入模块
from .models import *
 
 
class MySeachView(SearchView):
    def extra_context(self):  # 重载extra_context来添加额外的context内容
        context = super(MySeachView, self).extra_context()
        my_str = '111'
        context['my_str'] = my_str
        # print(context)
        return context

修改路由

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include, re_path
from blog import search_views
 
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # 原生的
    # re_path(r'^search/', include('haystack.urls')),
    # 自己的
    re_path(r'^search/', search_views.MySeachView(), name='haystack_search'),
]

前端使用 

<div>
圆明园:{{ my_str }}
</div>

自定义search.html模板 

1. 保证有一个from，get请求，input标签的name=q，value=Search，

<form method="get" action=".">
    <table>
<tr>
<th>
<label for="id_q">Search:</label>
</th>
<td>
<input type="search" name="q" value="不得不说" id="id_q">
</td>
</tr>
        <tr>
            <td>
                <input type="submit" value="Search">
            </td>
        </tr>
    </table>
</form>

自定义高亮显示(原生的会省略)

新建文件夹templatetags

添加blog/templatetags/my_filters_and_tags.py 文件和 blog/templatetags/highlighting.py 文件，

内容如下（源码分别位于haystack/templatetags/lighlight.py 和 haystack/utils/lighlighting.py 中）：
my_filters_and_tags.py

# encoding: utf-8
from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals
 
from django import template
from django.conf import settings
from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
from django.utils import six
 
from haystack.utils import importlib
 
register = template.Library()
 
class HighlightNode(template.Node):
    def __init__(self, text_block, query, html_tag=None, css_class=None, max_length=None, start_head=None):
        self.text_block = template.Variable(text_block)
        self.query = template.Variable(query)
        self.html_tag = html_tag
        self.css_class = css_class
        self.max_length = max_length
        self.start_head = start_head
 
        if html_tag is not None:
            self.html_tag = template.Variable(html_tag)
 
        if css_class is not None:
            self.css_class = template.Variable(css_class)
 
        if max_length is not None:
            self.max_length = template.Variable(max_length)
 
        if start_head is not None:
            self.start_head = template.Variable(start_head)
 
    def render(self, context):
        text_block = self.text_block.resolve(context)
        query = self.query.resolve(context)
        kwargs = {}
 
        if self.html_tag is not None:
            kwargs['html_tag'] = self.html_tag.resolve(context)
 
        if self.css_class is not None:
            kwargs['css_class'] = self.css_class.resolve(context)
 
        if self.max_length is not None:
            kwargs['max_length'] = self.max_length.resolve(context)
 
        if self.start_head is not None:
            kwargs['start_head'] = self.start_head.resolve(context)
 
        # Handle a user-defined highlighting function.
        if hasattr(settings, 'HAYSTACK_CUSTOM_HIGHLIGHTER') and settings.HAYSTACK_CUSTOM_HIGHLIGHTER:
            # Do the import dance.
            try:
                path_bits = settings.HAYSTACK_CUSTOM_HIGHLIGHTER.split('.')
                highlighter_path, highlighter_classname = '.'.join(path_bits[:-1]), path_bits[-1]
                highlighter_module = importlib.import_module(highlighter_path)
                highlighter_class = getattr(highlighter_module, highlighter_classname)
            except (ImportError, AttributeError) as e:
                raise ImproperlyConfigured("The highlighter '%s' could not be imported: %s" % (settings.HAYSTACK_CUSTOM_HIGHLIGHTER, e))
        else:
            from .highlighting import Highlighter
            highlighter_class = Highlighter
 
        highlighter = highlighter_class(query, **kwargs)
        highlighted_text = highlighter.highlight(text_block)
        return highlighted_text
 
 
@register.tag
def myhighlight(parser, token):
    """
    Takes a block of text and highlights words from a provided query within that
    block of text. Optionally accepts arguments to provide the HTML tag to wrap
    highlighted word in, a CSS class to use with the tag and a maximum length of
    the blurb in characters.
    Syntax::
        {% highlight <text_block> with <query> [css_class "class_name"] [html_tag "span"] [max_length 200] %}
    Example::
        # Highlight summary with default behavior.
        {% highlight result.summary with request.query %}
        # Highlight summary but wrap highlighted words with a div and the
        # following CSS class.
        {% highlight result.summary with request.query html_tag "div" css_class "highlight_me_please" %}
        # Highlight summary but only show 40 characters.
        {% highlight result.summary with request.query max_length 40 %}
    """
    bits = token.split_contents()
    tag_name = bits[0]
 
    if not len(bits) % 2 == 0:
        raise template.TemplateSyntaxError(u"'%s' tag requires valid pairings arguments." % tag_name)
 
    text_block = bits[1]
 
    if len(bits) < 4:
        raise template.TemplateSyntaxError(u"'%s' tag requires an object and a query provided by 'with'." % tag_name)
 
    if bits[2] != 'with':
        raise template.TemplateSyntaxError(u"'%s' tag's second argument should be 'with'." % tag_name)
 
    query = bits[3]
 
    arg_bits = iter(bits[4:])
    kwargs = {}
 
    for bit in arg_bits:
        if bit == 'css_class':
            kwargs['css_class'] = six.next(arg_bits)
 
        if bit == 'html_tag':
            kwargs['html_tag'] = six.next(arg_bits)
 
        if bit == 'max_length':
            kwargs['max_length'] = six.next(arg_bits)
 
        if bit == 'start_head':
            kwargs['start_head'] = six.next(arg_bits)
 
    return HighlightNode(text_block, query, **kwargs)

highlighting.py

# encoding: utf-8
 
from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals
 
from django.utils.html import strip_tags
 
 
class Highlighter(object):
    #默认值
    css_class = 'highlighted'
    html_tag = 'span'
    max_length = 200
    start_head = False
    text_block = ''
 
    def __init__(self, query, **kwargs):
        self.query = query
 
        if 'max_length' in kwargs:
            self.max_length = int(kwargs['max_length'])
 
        if 'html_tag' in kwargs:
            self.html_tag = kwargs['html_tag']
 
        if 'css_class' in kwargs:
            self.css_class = kwargs['css_class']
 
        if 'start_head' in kwargs:
            self.start_head = kwargs['start_head']
 
        self.query_words = set([word.lower() for word in self.query.split() if not word.startswith('-')])
 
    def highlight(self, text_block):
        self.text_block = strip_tags(text_block)
        highlight_locations = self.find_highlightable_words()
        start_offset, end_offset = self.find_window(highlight_locations)
        return self.render_html(highlight_locations, start_offset, end_offset)
 
    def find_highlightable_words(self):
        # Use a set so we only do this once per unique word.
        word_positions = {}
 
        # Pre-compute the length.
        end_offset = len(self.text_block)
        lower_text_block = self.text_block.lower()
 
        for word in self.query_words:
            if not word in word_positions:
                word_positions[word] = []
 
            start_offset = 0
 
            while start_offset < end_offset:
                next_offset = lower_text_block.find(word, start_offset, end_offset)
 
                # If we get a -1 out of find, it wasn't found. Bomb out and
                # start the next word.
                if next_offset == -1:
                    break
 
                word_positions[word].append(next_offset)
                start_offset = next_offset + len(word)
 
        return word_positions
 
    def find_window(self, highlight_locations):
        best_start = 0
        best_end = self.max_length
 
        # First, make sure we have words.
        if not len(highlight_locations):
            return (best_start, best_end)
 
        words_found = []
 
        # Next, make sure we found any words at all.
        for word, offset_list in highlight_locations.items():
            if len(offset_list):
                # Add all of the locations to the list.
                words_found.extend(offset_list)
 
        if not len(words_found):
            return (best_start, best_end)
 
        if len(words_found) == 1:
            return (words_found[0], words_found[0] + self.max_length)
 
        # Sort the list so it's in ascending order.
        words_found = sorted(words_found)
 
        # We now have a denormalized list of all positions were a word was
        # found. We'll iterate through and find the densest window we can by
        # counting the number of found offsets (-1 to fit in the window).
        highest_density = 0
 
        if words_found[:-1][0] > self.max_length:
            best_start = words_found[:-1][0]
            best_end = best_start + self.max_length
 
        for count, start in enumerate(words_found[:-1]):
            current_density = 1
 
            for end in words_found[count + 1:]:
                if end - start < self.max_length:
                    current_density += 1
                else:
                    current_density = 0
 
                # Only replace if we have a bigger (not equal density) so we
                # give deference to windows earlier in the document.
                if current_density > highest_density:
                    best_start = start
                    best_end = start + self.max_length
                    highest_density = current_density
 
        return (best_start, best_end)
 
    def render_html(self, highlight_locations=None, start_offset=None, end_offset=None):
        # Start by chopping the block down to the proper window.
        #text_block为内容，start_offset,end_offset分别为第一个匹配query开始和按长度截断位置
        text = self.text_block[start_offset:end_offset]
 
        # Invert highlight_locations to a location -> term list
        term_list = []
 
        for term, locations in highlight_locations.items():
            term_list += [(loc - start_offset, term) for loc in locations]
 
        loc_to_term = sorted(term_list)
 
        # Prepare the highlight template
        if self.css_class:
            hl_start = '<%s class="%s">' % (self.html_tag, self.css_class)
        else:
            hl_start = '<%s>' % (self.html_tag)
 
        hl_end = '</%s>' % self.html_tag
 
        # Copy the part from the start of the string to the first match,
        # and there replace the match with a highlighted version.
        #matched_so_far最终求得为text中最后一个匹配query的结尾
        highlighted_chunk = ""
        matched_so_far = 0
        prev = 0
        prev_str = ""
 
        for cur, cur_str in loc_to_term:
            # This can be in a different case than cur_str
            actual_term = text[cur:cur + len(cur_str)]
 
            # Handle incorrect highlight_locations by first checking for the term
            if actual_term.lower() == cur_str:
                if cur < prev + len(prev_str):
                    continue
 
                #分别添上每个query+其后面的一部分（下一个query的前一个位置）
                highlighted_chunk += text[prev + len(prev_str):cur] + hl_start + actual_term + hl_end
                prev = cur
                prev_str = cur_str
 
                # Keep track of how far we've copied so far, for the last step
                matched_so_far = cur + len(actual_term)
 
        # Don't forget the chunk after the last term
        #加上最后一个匹配的query后面的部分
        highlighted_chunk += text[matched_so_far:]
 
        #如果不要开头not start_head才加点
        if start_offset > 0 and not self.start_head:
            highlighted_chunk = '...%s' % highlighted_chunk
 
        if end_offset < len(self.text_block):
            highlighted_chunk = '%s...' % highlighted_chunk
 
        #可见到目前为止还不包含start_offset前面的，即第一个匹配的前面的部分（text_block[:start_offset]），如需展示(当start_head为True时)便加上
        if self.start_head:
            highlighted_chunk = self.text_block[:start_offset] + highlighted_chunk
        return highlighted_chunk

前端使用

<style>
    span.highlighted {
        color: red;
    }
</style>
 
{% load my_filters_and_tags %}
 
 
 
{% myhighlight result.object.content with query css_class "highlighted" html_tag "span" max_length 200 start_head True %}

 8. 目前位置搜索已经完成，可以重建索引，同步数据，测试一下

python manage.py rebuild_index

9.jieba分词器配置

9.1 先从python包中复制whoosh_backend.py到app中，并改名为whoosh_cn_backend.py

文件路径：\site-packages\haystack\backends\whoosh_backend.py

 

复制到的路径：

9.2 对whoosh_cn_backend.py做以下修改：

1、导入 ChineseAnalyze
from jieba.analyse import ChineseAnalyzer
 
2、替换schema_fields[field_class.index_fieldname] = TEXT(下的analyzer
analyzer=ChineseAnalyzer(),

 9.3 在django的配置文件中，修改搜索引擎

HAYSTACK_CONNECTIONS = {
    'default': {
        # 设置haystack的搜索引擎
        'ENGINE': 'blog.whoosh_cn_backend.WhooshEngine',
        # 'ENGINE': 'haystack.backends.whoosh_backend.WhooshEngine',
        # 设置索引文件的位置
        'PATH': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'whoosh_index'),
    }
}

10 django+django-haystack+Elasticsearch7.5+ik+mysql

10.0 切换成es引擎，除了settings.py和把jieba换成ik，其他步骤跟上面的都一样

如果一开始，就是奔着es+ik来的，那步骤9 jieba分词器配置 不用看，直接从步骤8跳到这里来

10.1 安装es，ik

基于docker安装Elasticsearch+ElasticSearch-Head+IK分词器_骑台风走的博客-CSDN博客基于docker安装Elasticsearch+ElasticSearch-Head+IK分词器https://blog.csdn.net/qq_52385631/article/details/126567059?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501

10.2 使用ik重写es7.5引擎

10.2.1 新建elasticsearch_ik_backend.py(在自己的app下)

在 blog应用下新建名为 elasticsearch7_ik_backend.py 的文件，继承 Elasticsearch7SearchBackend（后端） 和 Elasticsearch7SearchEngine（搜索引擎） 并重写建立索引时的分词器设置

from haystack.backends.elasticsearch7_backend import Elasticsearch7SearchBackend, Elasticsearch7SearchEngine
 
"""
分析器主要有两种情况会被使用：
第一种是插入文档时，将text类型的字段做分词然后插入倒排索引，
第二种就是在查询时，先对要查询的text类型的输入做分词，再去倒排索引搜索
如果想要让 索引 和 查询 时使用不同的分词器，ElasticSearch也是能支持的，只需要在字段上加上search_analyzer参数
在索引时，只会去看字段有没有定义analyzer，有定义的话就用定义的，没定义就用ES预设的
在查询时，会先去看字段有没有定义search_analyzer，如果没有定义，就去看有没有analyzer，再没有定义，才会去使用ES预设的
"""
 
DEFAULT_FIELD_MAPPING = {
    "type": "text",
    "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
    # "analyzer": "ik_smart",
    "search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
 
}
 
 
class Elasticsearc7IkSearchBackend(Elasticsearch7SearchBackend):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.DEFAULT_SETTINGS['settings']['analysis']['analyzer']['ik_analyzer'] = {
            "type": "custom",
            "tokenizer": "ik_max_word",
            # "tokenizer": "ik_smart",
        }
        super(Elasticsearc7IkSearchBackend, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 
 
class Elasticsearch7IkSearchEngine(Elasticsearch7SearchEngine):
    backend = Elasticsearc7IkSearchBackend

 10.3 修改settings.py(切换成功)

# es 7.x配置
HAYSTACK_CONNECTIONS = {
    'default': {
        # 'ENGINE': 'haystack.backends.elasticsearch7_backend.Elasticsearch7SearchEngine',
        'ENGINE': 'blog.elasticsearch_ik_backend.Elasticsearch7IkSearchEngine',
        # 'URL': 'http://106.14.42.253:9200/',
        'URL': 'http://106.14.42.253:9200/',
        # elasticsearch建立的索引库的名称，一般使用项目名作为索引库
        'INDEX_NAME': 'elastic_new',
    },
}

10.4 重建索引，同步数据

python manage.py rebuild_index

10.5 补充

10.5.1 未成功切换成ik

haystack 原先加载的是 ...\venv\Lib\site-packages\haystack\backends 文件夹下的 elasticsearch7_backend.py 文件，打开即可看到 elasticsearch7 引擎的默认配置 

若用上述方法建立出来的索引字段仍使用 snowball 分词器，则将原先elasticsearch7_backend.py 文件中的 DEFAULT_FIELD_MAPPING 也修改为 ik 分词器（或许是因为版本问题）

位置：D:\py_virtualenv\dj_ha\Lib\site-packages\haystack\backends\elasticsearch7_backend.py

修改内容：

DEFAULT_FIELD_MAPPING = {
    "type": "text",
    "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
    "search_analyzer": "ik_smart",
}

10.5.2 es6版本加入ik，重写引擎

from haystack.backends.elasticsearch_backend import ElasticsearchSearchBackend
from haystack.backends.elasticsearch_backend import ElasticsearchSearchEngine
class IKSearchBackend(ElasticsearchSearchBackend):
    DEFAULT_ANALYZER = "ik_max_word" # 这里将 es 的 默认 analyzer 设置为 ik_max_word
 
    def __init__(self, connection_alias, **connection_options):
        super().__init__(connection_alias, **connection_options)
 
    def build_schema(self, fields):
        content_field_name, mapping = super(IKSearchBackend, self).build_schema(fields)
        for field_name, field_class in fields.items():
            field_mapping = mapping[field_class.index_fieldname]
            if field_mapping["type"] == "string" and field_class.indexed:
                if not hasattr(
                    field_class, "facet_for"
                ) and not field_class.field_type in ("ngram", "edge_ngram"):
                    field_mapping["analyzer"] = getattr(
                        field_class, "analyzer", self.DEFAULT_ANALYZER
                    )
            mapping.update({field_class.index_fieldname: field_mapping})
        return content_field_name, mapping
 
 
class IKSearchEngine(ElasticsearchSearchEngine):
    backend = IKSearchBackend

11.实时更新索原理：采用信号

配置

# 在django配置文件中，添加索引值，文章更新的时候，就会自动更新索引值
HAYSTACK_SIGNAL_PROCESSOR = 'haystack.signals.RealtimeSignalProcessor'

RealtimeSignalProcessor源码如下：

class RealtimeSignalProcessor(BaseSignalProcessor):
    """
    Allows for observing when saves/deletes fire & automatically updates the
    search engine appropriately.
    当 检索对象出现保存或者删除的时候更新索引值。
    """
    def setup(self):
        # Naive (listen to all model saves).
        models.signals.post_save.connect(self.handle_save)
        models.signals.post_delete.connect(self.handle_delete)
     
        # Efficient would be going through all backends & collecting all models
        # being used, then hooking up signals only for those.
    def teardown(self):
        # Naive (listen to all model saves).
        models.signals.post_save.disconnect(self.handle_save)
        models.signals.post_delete.disconnect(self.handle_delete)
        # Efficient would be going through all backends & collecting all models
        # being used, then disconnecting signals only for those.

本文借鉴

Django haystack实现全文搜索 - -零 - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)
(9条消息) django-haystack全文检索详细教程_AC_hell的博客-CSDN博客
(9条消息) Django全文检索Haystack模块_NQ31的博客-CSDN博客_django haystack
(9条消息) django+drf_haystack+elasticsearch_骑台风走的博客-CSDN博客

(5条消息) Haystack 使用 Elasticsearch 建立索引时 修改为中文分词器_SevenBerry的博客-CSDN博客_elasticsearch 修改字段分词器

(5条消息) Elasticsearch中analyzer和search_analyzer的区别_chuixue24的博客-CSDN博客