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STM32的中断_stm32中断

stm32中断

目录

一、STM32中断概述

二、外部中断控制器EXTI

三、按键中断

四、串口中断


一、STM32中断概述

处理器中的中断

       在处理器中,中断是一个过程,即CPU在正常执行程序的过程中,遇到外部/内部的紧急事件需要处理,暂时中止当前程序的执行,转而去为处理紧急的事件,待处理完毕后再返回被打断的程序处继续往下执行。中断在计算机多任务处理,尤其是即时系统中尤为重要。比如uCOS,FreeRTOS等。

意义

        中断能提高CPU的效率,同时能对突发事件做出实时处理。实现程序的并行化,实现嵌入式系统进程之间的切换

 进入中断

处理器自动保存现场到堆栈里
{PC, xPSR, R0-R3, R12, LR}
一旦入栈结束,ISR便可开始执行
晚到的中断会重新取ISR地址,但无需再次保存现场

退出中断

中断前的现场被自动从堆栈中恢复
一旦出栈完成,继续执行被中断打断的指令
出栈的过程也可被打断,使得随时可以响应新的中断 , 而不再进行
现场保存

 NVIC的主要功能

中断管理
支持异常及中断向量化处理
支持嵌套中断

n  Cortex-M0处理器中,每一个外部中断都可以被使能或者禁止,并且可以被设置为挂起状态或者清除状态。处理器的中断可以电平的形式的,也可以是脉冲形式的,这样中断控制器就可以处理任何中断源

      

STM32F0中断和异常向量

      Cortex-M0内核可以处理15个内部异常,和32个外部中断。

      STM32F051实际上只使用了6个内部异常和28个外部中断。

     当异常或中断发生时,处理器会把PC设置为一个特定地址,这一地址就称为异常向量。每一类异常源都对应一个特定的入口地址,这些地址按照优先级排列以后就组成一张异常向量表。

向量化处理中断的好处

   统的处理方式需要软件去完成。采用向量表处理异常,M0处理器会从存储器的向量表中,自动定位异常的程序入口。从发生异常到异常的处理中间的时间被缩减。

 

 

注:中断和异常的区别:

       中断是微处理器外部发送的,通过中断通道送入处理器内部,一般是硬件引起的,比如串口接收中断,而异常通常是微处理器内部发生的,大多是软件引起的,比如除法出错异常,特权调用异常等待。不管是中断还是异常,微处理器通常都有相应的中断/异常服务程序

Ø 3个固定的优先级,都是负值,不能改变
Ø 四个可编程优先级,用两个bit位表示,00,01,10,11
Ø 优先级越小优先级越高

      

注:不同优先级的中断同时发生,优先处理优先级编号较小的那个

同样优先级的中断同时发生,中断向量号较小的那个优先响应

二、外部中断控制器EXTI

在 STM32F05x 中,共有最多 28 中断 / 事件线可用:
GPIO 口连接到 16 个外部中断 / 事件线

该器件具有一组配置寄存器。系统配置控制器的主要用途如下:

● 在部分 IO 口上启用或禁用 I2C 超快模式 (Fast Mode Plus) 。

● 重映射部分从 TIM16 和 TIM17 , USART1 和 ADC 的 DMA 触发源到其它

   不同的 DMA 通道上。

● 重映射存储器到代码起始区域。

● 管理连接到 GPIO 口的外部中断。

● 管理系统的可靠性特性。

  系统配置控制器 (SYSCFG)

 

 

三、按键中断

 

 

Ø 1、使能相应的时钟
Ø2、配置GPIO管脚为中断功能
Ø3、设置中断优先级
Ø4、使能相应的中断
Ø5、实现中断服务程序

 

__weak表明他是一个若函数可以重写

  1. /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
  2. void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
  3. {
  4. if(GPIO_Pin == GPIO_PIN_8)
  5. {
  6. HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, "key int\n", 8, 100);
  7. }
  8. }

 这是一个处理中断的回调函数,在里面判断一下是不是GPIO8,然后进行处理

中断优先级和触发方式都可以图形化配置

四、串口中断

 

 

 

 

  1. void HAL_UART_TxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
  2. {
  3. if(huart->Instance == USART1)
  4. {
  5. printf("uart tx end\n");
  6. }
  7. }
  8. extern uint8_t RX[10] ;
  9. void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
  10. {
  11. if(huart->Instance == USART1)
  12. {
  13. printf("REV : %x %x\n",RX[0],RX[1]);
  14. HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, RX, 2);
  15. }
  16. }
  1. /**
  2. ******************************************************************************
  3. * File Name : main.c
  4. * Description : Main program body
  5. ******************************************************************************
  6. ** This notice applies to any and all portions of this file
  7. * that are not between comment pairs USER CODE BEGIN and
  8. * USER CODE END. Other portions of this file, whether
  9. * inserted by the user or by software development tools
  10. * are owned by their respective copyright owners.
  11. *
  12. * COPYRIGHT(c) 2017 STMicroelectronics
  13. *
  14. * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
  15. * are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
  16. * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
  17. * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  18. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
  19. * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
  20. * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  21. * 3. Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of its contributors
  22. * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  23. * without specific prior written permission.
  24. *
  25. * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
  26. * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  27. * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
  28. * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  29. * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  30. * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
  31. * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
  32. * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
  33. * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
  34. * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  35. *
  36. ******************************************************************************
  37. */
  38. /* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  39. #include "main.h"
  40. #include "stm32f0xx_hal.h"
  41. #include "usart.h"
  42. #include "gpio.h"
  43. /* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
  44. /* USER CODE END Includes */
  45. /* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
  46. /* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
  47. uint8_t RX[10] = {0};
  48. /* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
  49. /* USER CODE END PV */
  50. /* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
  51. void SystemClock_Config(void);
  52. /* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
  53. /* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
  54. /* USER CODE END PFP */
  55. /* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
  56. int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
  57. {
  58. while(!(USART1->ISR & (1<<7)));
  59. USART1->TDR =ch;
  60. return ch;
  61. }
  62. /* USER CODE END 0 */
  63. int main(void)
  64. {
  65. /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
  66. /* USER CODE END 1 */
  67. /* MCU Configuration----------------------------------------------------------*/
  68. /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  69. HAL_Init();
  70. /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
  71. /* USER CODE END Init */
  72. /* Configure the system clock */
  73. SystemClock_Config();
  74. /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
  75. /* USER CODE END SysInit */
  76. /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  77. MX_GPIO_Init();
  78. MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  79. /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
  80. HAL_UART_Transmit_IT(&huart1,"TX INT\n", 7);
  81. HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, RX, 2);
  82. /* USER CODE END 2 */
  83. /* Infinite loop */
  84. /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  85. while (1)
  86. {
  87. /* USER CODE END WHILE */
  88. /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  89. }
  90. /* USER CODE END 3 */
  91. }
  92. /** System Clock Configuration
  93. */
  94. void SystemClock_Config(void)
  95. {
  96. RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct;
  97. RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct;
  98. RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit;
  99. /**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
  100. */
  101. RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
  102. RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  103. RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = 16;
  104. RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
  105. if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  106. {
  107. _Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
  108. }
  109. /**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
  110. */
  111. RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
  112. |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1;
  113. RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
  114. RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  115. RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  116. if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
  117. {
  118. _Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
  119. }
  120. PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_USART1;
  121. PeriphClkInit.Usart1ClockSelection = RCC_USART1CLKSOURCE_PCLK1;
  122. if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
  123. {
  124. _Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
  125. }
  126. /**Configure the Systick interrupt time
  127. */
  128. HAL_SYSTICK_Config(HAL_RCC_GetHCLKFreq()/1000);
  129. /**Configure the Systick
  130. */
  131. HAL_SYSTICK_CLKSourceConfig(SYSTICK_CLKSOURCE_HCLK);
  132. /* SysTick_IRQn interrupt configuration */
  133. HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(SysTick_IRQn, 0, 0);
  134. }
  135. /* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
  136. /* USER CODE END 4 */
  137. /**
  138. * @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  139. * @param None
  140. * @retval None
  141. */
  142. void _Error_Handler(char * file, int line)
  143. {
  144. /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  145. /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  146. while(1)
  147. {
  148. }
  149. /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
  150. }
  151. #ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
  152. /**
  153. * @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  154. * where the assert_param error has occurred.
  155. * @param file: pointer to the source file name
  156. * @param line: assert_param error line source number
  157. * @retval None
  158. */
  159. void assert_failed(uint8_t* file, uint32_t line)
  160. {
  161. /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  162. /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
  163. ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  164. /* USER CODE END 6 */
  165. }
  166. #endif
  167. /**
  168. * @}
  169. */
  170. /**
  171. * @}
  172. */
  173. /************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

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