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EAX=0xE820:遍历主机上全部内存
AX=0xE801:分别检测低15MB和16~4GB的内存
AH=0x88:最多检测64MB,超过64MB也按照64MB返回
返回信息是用地址范围描述符来描述的,用于存储这种描述符的结构称之为地址范围描述符(Address Range Descriptor Structure, ARDS)
此数据结构共有5个字段,每个字段大小都是4byte,如下
BaseAddrLow,0~3字节:基地址的低32位
BaseAddrHigh,4~7字节:基地址的高32位
LengthLow,8~11字节:内存长度的低32位,以byte为单位
LengthHigh,12~15字节:内存长度的高32位,以byte为单位
Type,16~19字节:本段内存的类型
Type字段解释:
type值=1,AddressRangeMemory,表示可被操作系统使用
type值=2,AddressRangeReserved,表示被系统保留,操作系统不可用
type值=其他值,未定义,将来会用到,被操作系统视为AddresssRangeReserved



示例:



boot.inc包含loader加载所需的参数,以及打开保护模式所需的全局描述符
mbr.s程序:在窗口中输出"enter mbr",然后加载loader.s程序到0x7E00
loader.s程序:在窗口中输出"enter loader",然后使用BIOS中断0x15的子功能0xE820获取可用内存信息并输出在窗口中,最后进入保护模式在窗口中输出"enter protect mode"
;--------- mbr & loader --------- LBA_START_SECTOR equ 0x1 SECTOR_COUNT equ 0x4 LOADER_BASE_ADDR equ 0x7E0 LOADER_OFF_ADDR equ 0x0 LOADER_ADDR equ 0x7E00 ARDS_ADDR equ 0x1000 ;--------- gdt --------- DESC_G_4K equ 1_00000000000000000000000b DESC_D_32 equ 1_0000000000000000000000b DESC_L equ 0_000000000000000000000b DESC_AVL equ 0_00000000000000000000b DESC_LIMIT_CODE2 equ 1111_0000000000000000b DESC_LIMIT_DATA2 equ DESC_LIMIT_CODE2 DESC_LIMIT_VIDEO2 equ 0000_000000000000000b DESC_P equ 1_000000000000000b DESC_DPL_0 equ 00_0000000000000b DESC_DPL_1 equ 01_0000000000000b DESC_DPL_2 equ 10_0000000000000b DESC_DPL_3 equ 11_0000000000000b DESC_S_CODE equ 1_000000000000b DESC_S_DATA equ DESC_S_CODE DESC_S_sys equ 0_000000000000b DESC_TYPE_CODE equ 1000_00000000b ;x=1,c=0,r=0,a=0 代码段是可执行的,非依从的,不可读的,已访问位a清0. DESC_TYPE_DATA equ 0010_00000000b ;x=0,e=0,w=1,a=0 数据段是不可执行的,向上扩展的,可写的,已访问位a清0. ;code section DESC_CODE_HIGH4 equ (0x00 << 24) + DESC_G_4K + DESC_D_32 + DESC_L + DESC_AVL + DESC_LIMIT_CODE2 + DESC_P + DESC_DPL_0 + DESC_S_CODE + DESC_TYPE_CODE + 0x00 ;data section DESC_DATA_HIGH4 equ (0x00 << 24) + DESC_G_4K + DESC_D_32 + DESC_L + DESC_AVL + DESC_LIMIT_DATA2 + DESC_P + DESC_DPL_0 + DESC_S_DATA + DESC_TYPE_DATA + 0x00 ;video section DESC_VIDEO_HIGH4 equ (0x00 << 24) + DESC_G_4K + DESC_D_32 + DESC_L + DESC_AVL + DESC_LIMIT_VIDEO2 + DESC_P + DESC_DPL_0 + DESC_S_DATA + DESC_TYPE_DATA + 0x0b ;-------------- 选择子属性 --------------- RPL0 equ 00b RPL1 equ 01b RPL2 equ 10b RPL3 equ 11b TI_GDT equ 000b TI_LDT equ 100b
;主引导程序 ;------------------------------------------------------------ %include "boot.inc" SECTION MBR vstart=0x7c00 mov ax,cs mov ds,ax mov es,ax mov ss,ax mov fs,ax mov ax, 0xB800 mov gs, ax mov sp,0x7c00 ; 清屏 利用0x06号功能,上卷全部行,则可清屏。 ; ----------------------------------------------------------- ;INT 0x10 功能号:0x06 功能描述:上卷窗口 ;------------------------------------------------------ ;输入: ;AH 功能号= 0x06 ;AL = 上卷的行数(如果为0,表示全部) ;BH = 上卷行属性 ;(CL,CH) = 窗口左上角的(X,Y)位置 ;(DL,DH) = 窗口右下角的(X,Y)位置 ;无返回值: mov ax, 0x600 mov bx, 0x700 mov cx, 0 ; 左上角: (0, 0) mov dx, 0x184f ; 右下角: (80,25), ; VGA文本模式中,一行只能容纳80个字符,共25行。 ; 下标从0开始,所以0x18=24,0x4f=79 int 0x10 ; int 0x10 ;;;;;;;;; 打印字符串 ;;;;;;;;;;; mov cx, sx - msg mov si, msg mov di, 0 show_str: mov byte al, [si] mov byte ah, [sx] mov word [gs:di], ax inc si add di, 2 loop show_str jmp L0 msg db "enter mbr" sx db 0x24 ;;;;;;;;; 打字字符串结束 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; L0: push ds push di mov eax, LBA_START_SECTOR push eax mov ax, SECTOR_COUNT push ax mov ax, LOADER_BASE_ADDR push ax mov ax, LOADER_OFF_ADDR push ax call read_disk add sp, 10 pop di pop ds jmp LOADER_ADDR ;;;;;;;;; read disk ;;;;;;;;; ; LBA: [bp+10] ; sector count: [bp+8] ; destination: sec=[bp+6], off=[bp+4] read_disk: push bp mov bp, sp ;sector_count mov dx,0x1f2 mov ax, [bp+8] out dx, al ;sector_addr mov dx, 0x1f3 mov ax, [bp+10] out dx, al mov dx, 0x1f4 mov al, ah out dx, al mov dx, 0x1f5 mov ax, [bp+12] out dx, al mov dx, 0x1f6 mov al, ah and al, 0x0f or al, 0xe0 out dx, al ;command_write mov dx, 0x1f7 mov al, 0x20 out dx, al disk_test: nop ;give disk a moment in al, dx and al, 0x88 ;7: BUSY, 3: READY cmp al, 0x08 ; (BUSY=0 & READY=1) or not? jnz disk_test ;data_read: mov ax, [bp+8] mov dx, 256 mul dx mov cx, ax mov bx, [bp+4] mov ax, [bp+6] mov ds, ax mov dx, 0x1f0 go_on_read: in ax, dx mov [bx], ax add bx,2 loop go_on_read mov sp, bp pop bp ret ;;;;;;;;; read disk ;;;;;;;;; times 510-($-$$) db 0 db 0x55,0xaa
%include "boot.inc" section loader vstart=LOADER_ADDR ;;;;;;;;; 打印字符串 ;;;;;;;;;;; mov cx, sx-msg1 mov si, msg1 mov di, 160 show_str: mov byte al, [si] mov byte ah, [sx] mov word [gs:di], ax inc si add di, 2 loop show_str jmp get_memoinfo msg1 db "enter loader" sx db 0x24 ;;;;;;;;; 打字字符串结束 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;----- get memory information ----- get_memoinfo: ;----- get all: 0xE820 jmp_e820: xor ebx, ebx mov edx, 0x534d4150 mov di, ARDS_ADDR+2 ards_e820: mov eax, 0x0000e820 mov ecx, 20 int 0x15 jc Error add di, cx inc word [ARDS_ADDR] cmp ebx, 0 jnz ards_e820 show_memoinfo: mov ax, 0xb800 mov gs, ax mov cx, [ARDS_ADDR] mov si, ARDS_ADDR+0x2 mov di, 320 loop_print: push di addr_info: mov edx, [si] mov di, memo_addr+22 call BtH shr edx, 16 mov di, memo_addr+18 call BtH mov edx, [si+4] mov di, memo_addr+14 call BtH shr edx, 16 mov di, memo_addr+10 call BtH size_info: mov edx, [si+8] mov di, memo_size+22 call BtH shr edx, 16 mov di, memo_size+18 call BtH mov edx, [si+12] mov di, memo_size+14 call BtH shr edx, 16 mov di, memo_size+10 call BtH type_info: mov edx, [si+16] mov di, memo_type+14 call BtH shr edx, 16 mov di, memo_type+10 call BtH pop di push cx push si push di mov cx, BtH_Table-memo_addr mov ah, 0x24 mov si, memo_addr info_print: mov al, [si] mov [gs:di], ax inc si add di, 0x2 loop info_print pop di add di, 160 pop si add si, 20 pop cx dec cx cmp cx, 0 jne loop_print jmp Jmp_there memo_addr db "ADDR:0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. " memo_size db "SIZE:0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. " memo_type db "TYPE:0xxxxxxxxx." BtH_Table db "0123456789ABCDEF" ;params: dx, di BtH: push ax push bx push edx push di mov bh, 0 mov bl, dl and bl, 00001111b mov al, [BtH_Table+bx] mov [di], al dec di mov bl, dl shr bl, 4 mov al, [BtH_Table+bx] mov [di], al dec di mov bl, dh and bl, 00001111b mov al, [BtH_Table+bx] mov [di], al dec di mov bl, dh shr bl, 4 mov al, [BtH_Table+bx] mov [di], al pop di pop edx pop bx pop ax ret Error: ;----- open A20 ----- Jmp_there: in al, 0x92 or al, 00000010b out 0x92, al ;----- load gdtr----- lgdt [gdt_ptr] ;----- cr0 set ----- mov eax, cr0 or eax, 0x00000001 mov cr0, eax ;----- clear instruction pipeline ----- jmp dword SELECTOR_CODE:p_m_start [bits 32] p_m_start: mov ax, SELECTOR_DATA mov ds, ax mov es, ax mov ss, ax mov esp, LOADER_ADDR mov ax, SELECTOR_VIDEO mov gs, ax mov ecx, GDT_BASE-msg2 mov si, msg2 mov di, 1280 show_str2: mov byte al, [si] mov byte [gs:di], al inc si add di, 2 loop show_str2 jmp $ ;string msg2 db "enter protect mode" ;GDT_CREATE GDT_BASE: dd 0x00000000, 0x00000000 CODE_DESC: dd 0x0000FFFF, DESC_CODE_HIGH4 DATA_DESC: dd 0x0000FFFF, DESC_DATA_HIGH4 VIDEO_DESC: dd 0x80000007, DESC_VIDEO_HIGH4 GDT_SIZE equ $ - GDT_BASE GDT_LIMIT equ GDT_SIZE - 1 times 30 dq 0 ;SELECTOR_SET SELECTOR_CODE equ 0000000000001_000b + TI_GDT + RPL0 SELECTOR_DATA equ 0000000000010_000b + TI_GDT + RPL0 SELECTOR_VIDEO equ 0000000000011_000b + TI_GDT + RPL0 ;GDT_pointer gdt_ptr dw GDT_LIMIT dd GDT_BASE
nasm -I OS/include/ -o OS/boot/mbr.bin OS/boot/mbr.s
nasm -I OS/include/ -o OS/boot/loader.bin OS/boot/loader.s
dd if=OS/boot/mbr.bin of=bochs/hd60M.img bs=512 count=1 seek=0 conv=notrunc
dd if=OS/boot/loader.bin of=bochs/hd60M.img bs=512 count=4 seek=1 conv=notrunc
./bochs/bin/bochs -f bochs/boot.disk

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