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SpringCloud-Nacos+GateWay_nacos spring cloud gateway

作者：编程革命者 | 2024-02-03 17:42:18

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nacos spring cloud gateway

文章目录

1.服务提供方
2. 注册中心
3. 网关GateWay
5. GateWay基本概念

父pom（适用于SpringCloud Alibaba 系列）：

 <!--    子模块继承后,提供作用:锁定版本,子模块不用再写groupId和version-->
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
        <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
        <mysql.version>8.0.18</mysql.version>
        <druid.version>1.1.16</druid.version>
        <druid.spring.boot.starter.version>1.1.10</druid.spring.boot.starter.version>
        <spring.boot.version>2.2.2.RELEASE</spring.boot.version>
        <spring.cloud.version>Hoxton.SR1</spring.cloud.version>
        <spring.cloud.alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring.cloud.alibaba.version>
        <mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.0</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
        <mybatis-spring-boot-starter.version>2.1.1</mybatis-spring-boot-starter.version>
        <hutool-all.version>5.1.0</hutool-all.version>
    </properties>

    <!--子模块继承后,提供作用:锁定版本+子module不用groupId和version-->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!--springboot 2.2.2-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--Spring cloud Hoxton.SR1-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--Spring cloud alibaba 2.1.0.RELEASE-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>${mysql.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
                <version>${druid.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${druid.spring.boot.starter.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${mybatis-spring-boot-starter.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <version>${lombok.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <fork>true</fork>
                    <addResources>true</addResources>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <!--第三方maven私服-->
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>nexus-aliyun</id>
            <name>Nexus aliyun</name>
            <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
            <releases>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </releases>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

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1.服务提供方

在这里插入图片描述

pom

   <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency><dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.62</version>
    </dependency>
    </dependencies>
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yml

server:
  port: 9001

spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-payment-provider
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置Nacos地址

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'
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controller

@RestController
public class PaymentController {
    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/nacos/{id}")
    public String getPayment(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return "nacos registry, serverPort: " + serverPort + "\t id" + id;
    }
}
 
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Main

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentMain9001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain9001.class,args);
    }
}
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2. 注册中心

在这里插入图片描述

3. 网关GateWay

在这里插入图片描述

pom

  <dependencies>

        <!--        不要有 web 回jar包冲突-->
        <!--新增gateway-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--        <dependency>-->
        <!--            <groupId>org.example</groupId>-->
        <!--            <artifactId>cloud-api-common</artifactId>-->
        <!--            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>-->
        <!--        </dependency>-->

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
  </dependencies>

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yml

server:
  port: 9527
spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-nacosgateway
  cloud:
    gateway:
      discovery:
        locator:
          enabled: true  #开启从注册中心动态创建路由的功能，利用微服务名进行路由
      routes:
        - id: payment_routh #路由的ID，没有固定规则但要求唯一，建议配合服务名
          #uri: http://localhost:8001   #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
          uri: lb://nacos-payment-provider # lb 开启负载均衡
          predicates:
            - Path=/payment/nacos/**   #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
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Main

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class GateWayNacos9527 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GateWayNacos9527.class, args);
    }
}

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测试

在这里插入图片描述

加入一台provider

在这里插入图片描述

成功访问到

5. GateWay基本概念

官方文档2.2.2
在这里插入图片描述

1. 路由

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-nacosgateway
  cloud:
    gateway:
      discovery:
        locator:
          enabled: true  #开启从注册中心动态创建路由的功能，利用微服务名进行路由
      routes:
        - id: payment_routh #路由的ID，没有固定规则但要求唯一，建议配合服务名
          #uri: http://localhost:8001   #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
          uri: lb://nacos-payment-provider # 微服务名称
          predicates:
            - Path=/payment/nacos/**   #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
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在这里插入图片描述
Java配置：

代表将 ip地址为10.1.1.1的访问转发到 down。。。。

2. 断言

predicates:
下面加个 -
可以添加多种断言

在这里插入图片描述

3. 过滤器

路由过滤器允许以某种方式修改传入的HTTP请求或传出的HTTP响应。路由过滤器适用于特定路由。Spring Cloud Gateway包括许多内置的GatewayFilter工厂。

配置：

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: add_request_header_route
        uri: https://example.org
        filters:
        - AddRequestHeader=X-Request-red, blue
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此清单将X-Request-red:blue标头添加到所有匹配请求的下游请求的标头中。

AddRequestHeader了解用于匹配路径或主机的URI变量。URI变量可以在值中使用，并在运行时扩展。

java config形式
使用ModifyRequestBody过滤器过滤器在网关向下游发送请求主体之前对其进行修改。

是否可以在这个config里面对权限进行认证呢？

@Bean
public RouteLocator routes(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
    return builder.routes()
        .route("rewrite_request_obj", r -> r.host("*.rewriterequestobj.org")
            .filters(f -> f.prefixPath("/httpbin")
                .modifyRequestBody(String.class, Hello.class, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE,
                    (exchange, s) -> return Mono.just(new Hello(s.toUpperCase())))).uri(uri))
        .build();
}

static class Hello {
    String message;

    public Hello() { }

    public Hello(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }
}
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尝试通过代码的形式将转发的请求添加头信息:

  @Bean
    public RouteLocator routes(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
        return builder.routes()
                .route("route1", r -> r.path("/payment/nacos/header/**")
                        .filters(f->f.addRequestHeader("json", "123"))
                        .uri("lb://nacos-payment-provider")).build();
    }
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在这里插入图片描述
OAuth2 认证的时候可以转发这个地方，通过头信息来转发

4. 全局过滤器

当请求与路由匹配时，过滤Web处理程序会将的所有实例GlobalFilter和所有特定GatewayFilter于路由的实例添加到过滤器链中。该组合的过滤器链按org.springframework.core.Ordered接口排序，您可以通过实现该getOrder()方法进行设置。

@Bean
public GlobalFilter customFilter() {
    return new CustomGlobalFilter();
}

public class CustomGlobalFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {

    @Override
    public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        log.info("custom global filter");
        //        if (false){
//          return   exchange.getResponse().setComplete();
//        }
        return chain.filter(exchange);
    }

    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        return -1;
    }
}
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由于Spring Cloud Gateway区分了执行过滤器逻辑的“前”阶段和“后”阶段，因此优先级最高的过滤器是“pre”

在这个里面有些api搞不太懂

最后贴一个官方的使用示范：

@RestController
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemogatewayApplication {

	@RequestMapping("/hystrixfallback")
	public String hystrixfallback() {
		return "This is a fallback";
	}

	@Bean
	public RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
		//@formatter:off
		return builder.routes()
				.route("path_route", r -> r.path("/get")
						.uri("http://httpbin.org"))
				.route("host_route", r -> r.host("*.myhost.org")
						.uri("http://httpbin.org"))
				.route("rewrite_route", r -> r.host("*.rewrite.org")
						.filters(f -> f.rewritePath("/foo/(?<segment>.*)",
								"/${segment}"))
						.uri("http://httpbin.org"))
				.route("hystrix_route", r -> r.host("*.hystrix.org")
						.filters(f -> f.hystrix(c -> c.setName("slowcmd")))
								.uri("http://httpbin.org"))
				.route("hystrix_fallback_route", r -> r.host("*.hystrixfallback.org")
						.filters(f -> f.hystrix(c -> c.setName("slowcmd").setFallbackUri("forward:/hystrixfallback")))
								.uri("http://httpbin.org"))
				.route("limit_route", r -> r
					.host("*.limited.org").and().path("/anything/**")
						.filters(f -> f.requestRateLimiter(c -> c.setRateLimiter(redisRateLimiter())))
					.uri("http://httpbin.org"))
				.route("websocket_route", r -> r.path("/echo")
					.uri("ws://localhost:9000"))
				.build();
		//@formatter:on
	}

	@Bean
	RedisRateLimiter redisRateLimiter() {
		return new RedisRateLimiter(1, 2);
	}

	@Bean
	SecurityWebFilterChain springWebFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
		return http.httpBasic().and()
				.csrf().disable()
				.authorizeExchange()
				.pathMatchers("/anything/**").authenticated()
				.anyExchange().permitAll()
				.and()
				.build();
	}

	@Bean
	public MapReactiveUserDetailsService reactiveUserDetailsService() {
		UserDetails user = User.withDefaultPasswordEncoder().username("user").password("password").roles("USER").build();
		return new MapReactiveUserDetailsService(user);
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(DemogatewayApplication.class, args);
	}
}
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Filter写法：

public class ThrottleGatewayFilter implements GatewayFilter {

	private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(ThrottleGatewayFilter.class);

	int capacity;

	int refillTokens;

	int refillPeriod;

	TimeUnit refillUnit;

	public int getCapacity() {
		return capacity;
	}

	public ThrottleGatewayFilter setCapacity(int capacity) {
		this.capacity = capacity;
		return this;
	}

	public int getRefillTokens() {
		return refillTokens;
	}

	public ThrottleGatewayFilter setRefillTokens(int refillTokens) {
		this.refillTokens = refillTokens;
		return this;
	}

	public int getRefillPeriod() {
		return refillPeriod;
	}

	public ThrottleGatewayFilter setRefillPeriod(int refillPeriod) {
		this.refillPeriod = refillPeriod;
		return this;
	}

	public TimeUnit getRefillUnit() {
		return refillUnit;
	}

	public ThrottleGatewayFilter setRefillUnit(TimeUnit refillUnit) {
		this.refillUnit = refillUnit;
		return this;
	}

	@Override
	public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {

		TokenBucket tokenBucket = TokenBuckets.builder().withCapacity(capacity)
				.withFixedIntervalRefillStrategy(refillTokens, refillPeriod, refillUnit)
				.build();

		// TODO: get a token bucket for a key
		log.debug("TokenBucket capacity: " + tokenBucket.getCapacity());
		boolean consumed = tokenBucket.tryConsume();
		if (consumed) {
			return chain.filter(exchange);
		}
		exchange.getResponse().setStatusCode(HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS);
		return exchange.getResponse().setComplete();
	}

}
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其他详情见官方文档

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