python visual studio 14_python安装jpype1、pyhanlp时出现的“Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required.”问题解决...

tag:python, visual c++, pyhanlp, jpype

本文写于2020年9月10日，阅读时请注意时效性。

问题出现：

在使用命令pip isntall pyhanlp安装pyhanlp的过程中出现了如下的错误信息，类似的问题也会在安装mysql-python、scrapy时出现。在安装RUST语言的时候也会遇到类似的情况。

C:\Windows\system32>pip install pyhanlp -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

Collecting pyhanlp

Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/8f/99/13078d71bc9f77705a29f932359046abac3001335ea1d21e91120b200b21/pyhanlp-0.1.66.tar.gz (86 kB)

|████████████████████████████████| 86 kB 628 kB/s

Collecting jpype1==0.7.0

Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/28/63/784834e8a24ec2e1ad7f703c3dc6c6fb372a77cc68a2fdff916e18a4449e/JPype1-0.7.0.tar.gz (470 kB)

|████████████████████████████████| 470 kB 2.2 MB/s

Using legacy 'setup.py install' for pyhanlp, since package 'wheel' is not installed.

Using legacy 'setup.py install' for jpype1, since package 'wheel' is not installed.

Installing collected packages: jpype1, pyhanlp

Running setup.py install for jpype1 ... error

ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:

command: 'c:\program files\python38\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mamcaw85\jpype1\setup.py'"'"'; file='"'"'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mamcaw85\jpype1\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(file);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, file, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-ed77_3sc\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers 'c:\program files\python38\Include\jpype1'

cwd: C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mamcaw85\jpype1

Complete output (52 lines):

c:\program files\python38\lib\distutils\dist.py:274: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'use_scm_version'

warnings.warn(msg)

running install

running build

running build_py

creating build

creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.8

creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype\beans.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype\imports.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype\nio.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype\reflect.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype\types.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_classpath.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_core.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_cygwin.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_darwin.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_gui.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_jarray.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_jboxed.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_jclass.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_jcollection.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_jcomparable.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_jcustomizer.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_jexception.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_jinit.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_jio.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_jobject.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_jpackage.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_jproxy.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_jstring.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_jtypes.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_jvmfinder.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_linux.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_pykeywords.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_windows.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

copying jpype_init_.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\jpype

running build_ext

running build_java

Using Jar cache

creating build\lib

creating build\lib\org

creating build\lib\org\jpype

creating build\lib\org\jpype\classloader

copying native\jars\org\jpype\classloader\JPypeClassLoader.class -> build\lib\org\jpype\classloader

copying native\jars\org.jpype.jar -> build\lib

running build_thunk

Building thunks

including thunk build\lib\org\jpype\classloader\JPypeClassLoader.class

including thunk build\lib\org.jpype.jar

building '_jpype' extension

error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with "Build Tools for Visual Studio": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/

ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 'c:\program files\python38\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mamcaw85\jpype1\setup.py'"'"'; file='"'"'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mamcaw85\jpype1\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(file);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, file, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-ed77_3sc\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers 'c:\program files\python38\Include\jpype1' Check the logs for full command output.

解决方法：

不安装Visual Studio的方法：

按照上面的链接打开Visual Studio的下载界面(目前是VS2019)，找到Visual Studio 2019 工具(Tools for Visual Studio 2019)

Visual Studio 2019 生成工具(Build Tools for Visual Studio 2019)

下载安装，系统中会出现Visual Studio Installer

选择单个组件选项卡，安装如图所示的两个组件即可

安装Visual Studio的方法：直接打开Visual Studio Installer，安装上图所示的两个组件即可

Stack Overflow上还有另外一种方法——直接执行下面链接中给出的安装程序，但是方法中只给出了链接却并没有给出出处，所以不推荐这种方法。这种方法的原理应该与前两种类似，详情见下面的分析。原回答中的链接如下：http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=691126&fixForIE=.exe.

解决过程和分析：

首先，要注意一个语言问题，build tools翻译成中文是生成工具，一开始以为应该是构建工具所以浪费了很多时间。

然后，如果已经安装Visual Studio的话其实没必要再安装一次生成工具了，因为生成工具中的内容已经在本体中包含了，如果同时安装生成工具和本体会出现下面这样的情况，图是别人的2017，看个意思就好。

[图片上传失败...(image-a9ba94-1599747624822)]

接下来，如果只安装单个组件中的MSVC v140 - VS 2015 C++ 生成工具(v14.00)是不行的，会报错误：fatal error C1083: 无法打开包括文件: “basetsd.h”: No such file or directory。

{太长前略}

C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\x86_amd64\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -DWIN32=1 -Inative\common\include -Inative\python\include -Ibuild\src -Inative\jni_include "-Ic:\program files\python38\include" "-Ic:\program files\python38\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\INCLUDE" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\ATLMFC\INCLUDE" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.10240.0\ucrt" /EHsc /Tpnative\common\jp_arrayclass.cpp /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-3.8\Release\native\common\jp_arrayclass.obj /Zi /EHsc /std:c++14

jp_arrayclass.cpp

c:\program files\python38\include\pyconfig.h(206): fatal error C1083: 无法打开包括文件: “basetsd.h”: No such file or directory

​ error: command 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\x86_amd64\cl.exe' failed with exit status 2

ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 'c:\program files\python38\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-ogvytpx6\jpype1\setup.py'"'"'; file='"'"'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-ogvytpx6\jpype1\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(file);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, file, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-y9h_yg7p\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers 'c:\program files\python38\Include\jpype1' Check the logs for full command output.

这个问题实际上是由于没有安装Windows SDK引起的，但是如果追加安装Visual Studio 2019中的Windows 10 SDK依然无法解决，会报另一个错误”LINK : fatal error LNK1158: 无法运行“rc.exe”“：

{太长前略}

正在创建库 build\temp.win-amd64-3.8\Release\build\src_jpype.cp38-win_amd64.lib 和对象 build\temp.win-amd64-3.8\Release\build\src_jpype.cp38-win_amd64.exp

正在生成代码

已完成代码的生成

LINK : fatal error LNK1158: 无法运行“rc.exe”

error: command 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\x86_amd64\link.exe' failed with exit status 1158

ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 'c:\program files\python38\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-qj00er_b\jpype1\setup.py'"'"'; file='"'"'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-qj00er_b\jpype1\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(file);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, file, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\raner\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-5llbdh9e\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers 'c:\program files\python38\Include\jpype1' Check the logs for full command output.

参考了一些其他人的情况，这个错误是由于SDK的版本和Build Tools的版本不匹配造成的，只要SDK版本和相应的Build Tools版本匹配是不会出现这个问题的。根据我自己的尝试，混搭方法都失败了。至于什么叫做匹配，下面会提到。

其实在Build Tools for Visual Studio 2019的工作负载选项卡中选择C++ Build Tools，安装默认的5个组件就可以完美解决，只是后来抱着”能少一点是一点“的心态又试了几次才发现只要单独安装前两个组件就可以解决问题。

第三种方法中得到的安装包的详细信息中显示版本号14.0.25420.1，推测应该就是VS2015的生成工具，但是实在找不到链接的出处了。与上面的方法相似，默认安装选项直接解决，自定义安装时如果不选上Windows 8 SDK的话会报和上面一样的错误。

匹配就是指像上图中的14.27对应Windows 10的高版本SDK而14.0对应下图中的Windows 8 SDK。

具有参考价值的Stack Overflow上的问题：

另外，Build Tools for Visual Studio 2019也可以从这个链接直接获得，这是RUST官网上给出的链接：https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/